Igihugu cya Navajo ntabwo cyigeze cyemerera abakozi ba firime kwinjira muri kanyoni nziza itukura izwi ku izina rya Death Canyon. Ku butaka bw’amoko mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru ya Arizona, ni igice cy’Urwibutso rw’igihugu rwa Cheli Canyon-ahantu Navajo yiyita Diné ifite akamaro gakomeye mu mwuka no mu mateka. Coerte Voorhees, umwanditsi wa sinema akaba n'umuyobozi wa filime yafatiwe hano, yavuze ko kanyoni zifitanye isano ari “umutima w’igihugu cya Navajo.”
Iyi filime ni amateka y’ibyataburuwe mu matongo yitwa Canyon Del Muerto, biteganijwe ko azasohoka mu mpera zuyu mwaka. Iravuga amateka yumupayiniya wubucukuzi bwa kera Ann Akstel Mo wakoraga hano mu myaka ya za 1920 no mu ntangiriro ya 1930 Inkuru yukuri ya Ann Axtell Morris. Yashakanye na Earl Morris kandi rimwe na rimwe bavugwa ko ari se wa Archeologiya y’Amajyepfo y’Uburengerazuba kandi bakunze kuvugwa nkicyitegererezo cy’impimbano Indiana Jones, Harrison Ford mu bakinnyi ba filime Steven Spielberg na George Lucas bakina. Ishimwe rya Earl Morris, rifatanije n’urwikekwe rw’abagore muri iyo disipuline, rumaze igihe kinini rihisha ibyo yagezeho, nubwo yari umwe mu bagore ba mbere mu bucukumbuzi bw’ibyatsi muri Amerika.
Mu gitondo gikonje kandi cyizuba, igihe izuba ryatangiraga kumurika inkuta ndende za kanyoni, itsinda ryamafarasi hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bifite ibiziga bine byagendaga munsi yumusenyi. Benshi mu bakinnyi ba firime 35 bagenze muri jip ifunguye itwarwa nuyobora Navajo waho. Berekanye ibihangano byubutare hamwe n’amazu yubatswe n’inyubako zubatswe na Anasazi cyangwa abacukuzi ba kera ubu bazwi ku izina rya basekuruza ba Pueblo. Abakera babaga hano mbere ya BC. Navajo, akagenda mubihe bidasanzwe mu ntangiriro yikinyejana cya 14. Inyuma ya convoy, akenshi ifatirwa mu mucanga ni Ford T yo mu 1917 hamwe n'ikamyo ya TT 1918.
Mugihe nateguraga kamera kumurongo wambere mugari muri kanyoni, nagiye hejuru yumwuzukuru wa Ann Earl Ben Gail wimyaka 58, wari umujyanama mukuru wimyandikire. Gell yagize ati: "Aha ni ahantu hihariye kuri Ann, aho yishimye cyane kandi akaba yarakoze bimwe mu bikorwa bye by'ingenzi." “Yasubiye muri kanyoni inshuro nyinshi yandika ko bitigeze bisa kimwe kabiri. Umucyo, ibihe, nikirere gihora gihinduka. Mama yatewe inda hano mu gihe cyo gucukura kera, wenda bikaba bidatangaje, Yakuze aba umuhanga mu bucukumbuzi. ”
Mubyerekanwe, twarebye umukobwa ukiri muto agenda buhoro buhoro arenga kamera kuri mare yera. Yari yambaye ikoti ry'uruhu rwijimye rwuzuye uruhu rw'intama kandi umusatsi we uhambiriye ku ipfundo. Umukinnyi w'amafirime ukina nyirakuru kuriyi sura ni stant-stand-Kristina Krell (Kristina Krell), kuri Gail, ni nko kureba ifoto yumuryango ishaje ibaho. Gale yagize ati: "Sinzi Ann cyangwa Earl, bombi bapfuye mbere yuko mvuka, ariko nasanze mbakunda." Ati: "Ni abantu batangaje, bafite umutima mwiza."
Harebwaga kandi gufata amashusho hari John Tsosie wo muri Diné hafi ya Chinle, Arizona. Ni umuhuza hagati yo gutunganya firime na guverinoma yimiryango. Namubajije impamvu Diné yemeye kureka aba bakinnyi ba firime muri Canyon del Muerto. Ati: “Mu bihe byashize, dukora firime ku butaka bwacu, twagize ibintu bibi.” “Bazanye abantu babarirwa mu magana, basiga imyanda, bahungabanya ahera, kandi bakora nk'aho bafite aha hantu. Aka kazi karatandukanye. Bubaha igihugu cyacu n'abantu cyane. Bakoresha Navajo nyinshi, Bashora imari mu bucuruzi bwaho kandi bafasha ubukungu bwacu. ”
Gale yongeyeho ati: “Ni nako bimeze kuri Ann na Earl. Nibo ba mbere mu bucukumbuzi bwa kera bahaye Navajo ubucukuzi, kandi bahembwaga neza. Earl avuga Navajo, na Ann avuga. Bamwe. Nyuma, ubwo Earle yashyigikiraga kurinda izo kanyoni, yavuze ko abaturage ba Navajo babaga hano bagomba kwemererwa kuguma kuko ari igice cy'ingenzi aha hantu. ”
Iyi mpaka yaratsinze. Muri iki gihe, imiryango igera kuri 80 ya Diné iba mu rupfu rwa Canyon na Cheri Canyon mu mbibi z'Urwibutso rw'igihugu. Bamwe mu bashoferi n'abashoferi bakoraga muri firime ni abo muri iyi miryango, kandi bakomoka ku bantu Ann na Earl Morris bari bazi mu myaka 100 ishize. Muri filime, umufasha wa Navajo wa Ann na Earl akinishwa n'umukinnyi wa Diné, avuga Navajo hamwe na subtitles z'icyongereza. Tsosie yagize ati: “Ubusanzwe, abakora amafilime ntibitaye ku bwoko bw'abakinnyi b'Abanyamerika kavukire cyangwa ururimi bavuga.”
Muri filime, umujyanama wururimi rwa Navajo wimyaka 40 afite uburebure buke na ponytail. Sheldon Blackhorse yakinnye clip ya YouTube kuri terefone ye-iyi ni filime yo mu burengerazuba bwa 1964 “Impanda ya kure” Amashusho muri “. Umukinnyi wa Navajo wambaye nkumuhinde wo mu kibaya arimo avugana n’umusirikare w’abanyamerika barwanira ku mafarasi i Navajo. Umukinnyi wa firime ntiyigeze amenya ko umukinnyi arimo kwikinisha hamwe nabandi Navajo. Ati: "Biragaragara ko ntacyo ushobora kunkorera." “Uri inzoka yikururuka hejuru yawe-inzoka.”
Muri Canyon Del Muerto, abakinnyi ba Navajo bavuga verisiyo y'ururimi ibereye 1920. Se wa Sheldon, Taft Blackhorse, yari umujyanama w’ururimi, umuco n’ibyataburuwe mu matongo uwo munsi. Yabisobanuye agira ati: “Kuva Ann Morris yaza hano, twongeye guhura n'umuco w'Abongereza mu kindi kinyejana kandi ururimi rwacu rwahindutse mu buryo butaziguye kandi butaziguye nk'icyongereza .. Navajo ya kera irasobanura neza imiterere. Bagira bati: “Genda ku rutare ruzima. “Noneho turavuga tuti:“ Kugenda ku rutare. ” Iyi filime izagumana uburyo bwa kera bwo kuvuga bwatakaye. ”
Ikipe yazamutse muri kanyoni. Abakozi bapakuruye kamera babishyira ahagarara hejuru, bitegura kuza kwa Model T. Ijuru ni ubururu, inkuta za kanyoni ni ocher itukura, kandi amababi ya poplar akura icyatsi kibisi. Voorhees ifite imyaka 30 uyumwaka, yoroheje, ifite umusatsi wijimye wijimye kandi ifatanye, yambaye ikabutura, T-shati ningofero yagutse. Yagiye inyuma yinyanja. Ati: "sinshobora kwizera ko turi hano koko."
Iyi ni indunduro yimyaka myinshi yo gukora cyane abanditsi, abayobozi, abatunganya na ba rwiyemezamirimo. Abifashijwemo na murumuna we John n'ababyeyi be, Voorhees yakusanyije amamiriyoni y’amadolari y’ingengo y’imari y’umusaruro ku bashoramari barenga 75 ku giti cyabo, ayigurisha umwe umwe. Nyuma haje icyorezo cya Covid-19, cyatinze umushinga wose maze gisaba Voorhees gukusanya andi miliyoni imwe y’amadolari y’Amerika kugira ngo yishyure ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho byo gukingira umuntu (masike, uturindantoki twajugunywe, isuku y'intoki, n'ibindi), bigomba kurinda abantu benshi. Muri gahunda yo gufata amashusho yiminsi 34, abakinnyi bose nabakozi ba seti.
Voorhees yagishije inama abashakashatsi mu bucukumbuzi barenga 30 kugira ngo barebe neza niba umuco wabo ubyumva neza. Yakoze ingendo 22 zubushakashatsi muri Canyon de Chelly na Canyon del Muerto kugirango abone ahantu heza no kurasa. Amaze imyaka itari mike akorana inama na Navajo Nation hamwe na Service yigihugu ya parike, kandi bafatanya gucunga urwibutso rwigihugu rwa Canyon Decelli.
Voorhees yakuriye i Boulder, muri Kolorado, kandi se yari umunyamategeko. Mu gihe kinini cy'ubwana bwe, yatewe inkunga na firime ya Indiana Jones, yifuzaga kuba umucukuzi. Nyuma yaje gushishikazwa no gukora film. Afite imyaka 12, yatangiye kwitanga mu nzu ndangamurage ku kigo cya kaminuza ya Colorado. Iyi ngoro ndangamurage yari alma mater ya Earl Morris kandi yateye inkunga zimwe mu ngendo ze z’ubushakashatsi. Ifoto iri mu nzu ndangamurage yashimishije umusore Voorhees. Ati: “Iyi ni ifoto y'umukara n'umweru ya Earl Morris muri Canyon de Chelly. Irasa na Indiana Jones muriyi nyubako idasanzwe. II yatekereje ati: 'Wow, ndashaka gukora film ivuga kuri uwo muntu.' Naje kumenya ko yari prototype ya Indiana Jones, cyangwa ahari, nashimishijwe cyane. ”
Lucas na Spielberg bavuze ko uruhare rwa Indiana Jones rushingiye ku bwoko bukunze kugaragara mu rukurikirane rw'amafilime yo mu myaka ya za 1930-icyo Lucas yise “umusirikare w'amahirwe wambaye ikoti ry'uruhu ndetse n'ingofero nk'iyi” -kandi nta muntu w’amateka. Icyakora, mu yandi magambo, bemeje ko bamwe bahumekewe ku buryo bubiri bw'ubuzima busanzwe: demure, umuhanga mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo witwa Sylvanus Morley agenzura Mexico, Ubushakashatsi bw’itsinda rikomeye ry’urusengero rw’Abamaya Chichén Itzá, n’umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucukuzi bwa Molly, Earl Morris , wambaye ikoti rya fedora na brown yijimye, byahujije umwuka mubi wo gutangaza hamwe nubumenyi bukomeye Combine.
Icyifuzo cyo gukora film ivuga kuri Earl Morris cyaherekejwe na Voorhees binyuze mu mashuri yisumbuye na kaminuza ya Georgetown, aho yize amateka na kera, ndetse na Graduate School of Film muri kaminuza ya Californiya. Filime ya mbere yerekana "Umurongo wa mbere" yasohowe na Netflix mu 2016 yakuwe mu ntambara ya Elgin Marbles, maze ahindukirira cyane insanganyamatsiko ya Earl Morris.
Voorhees yanditseho amabuye ahita ahinduka ibitabo bibiri byanditswe na Ann Morris: “Gucukura mu gace ka Yucatan” (1931), bikubiyemo igihe cye na Earl muri Chichén Itzá (Chichén Itzá) Igihe cyashize, na “Gucukura mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba” (1933) ), ivuga ibyababayeho mu mpande enye cyane cyane Canyon del Muerto. Muri ibyo bitabo byandika ku buzima - kubera ko ababwiriza batemera ko abagore bashobora kwandika igitabo kivuga ku bucukumbuzi ku bantu bakuru, bityo bakagurishwa ku bana bakuze - Morris asobanura ko uyu mwuga ari “kohereza ku isi” Urugendo rwo gutabara ahantu kure kugira ngo rugarure impapuro zitatanye zerekana ubuzima bwa muntu. ” Voorhees amaze kwibanda ku nyandiko ye, yahisemo kwibanda kuri Ann. “Ni ijwi rye muri ibyo bitabo. Natangiye kwandika ibyanditswe. ”
Iryo jwi riratanga amakuru kandi ryemewe, ariko kandi rishimishije kandi rirasetsa. Ku bijyanye n'urukundo akunda ahantu nyaburanga rwa kanyoni, yanditse mu bucukuzi bwakorewe mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, ati: "Ndemera ko ndi umwe mu bantu batagira ingano bahitanwa na hypnose ikaze mu karere k'amajyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba-iyi ni indwara idakira, yica kandi idakira."
Muri “Gucukura muri Yucatan”, yasobanuye “ibikoresho bitatu bikenewe rwose” by'abacukuzi b'ibyataburuwe mu matongo, aribyo amasuka, ijisho ry'umuntu, ndetse n'ibitekerezo-ibi ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa nabi cyane. . Ati: “Igomba kugenzurwa neza nibintu bihari mugihe hagomba kubaho amazi ahagije kugirango ahinduke kandi ahindure uko ibintu bishya bigaragaye. Igomba kugengwa n’ibitekerezo bikaze kandi byumvikana neza, kandi… Gupima ibiyobyabwenge byubuzima bikorwa byitaweho na chimiste. ”
Yanditse ko nta bitekerezo, ibisigisigi byacukuwe n'abacukuzi ba kera ari “amagufwa yumye gusa n'umukungugu utandukanye.” Ibitekerezo byabemereye "kongera kubaka inkuta z'imijyi yaguye… Tekereza umuhanda munini w'ubucuruzi ku isi, wuzuye abagenzi bafite amatsiko, abacuruzi b'abanyamururumba n'abasirikare, ubu bakaba baribagiwe rwose kubera intsinzi ikomeye cyangwa gutsindwa."
Igihe Voorhees yabazaga Ann muri kaminuza ya Colorado muri Boulder, yakunze kumva igisubizo kimwe-n'amagambo menshi, kuki umuntu yakwita ku mugore wasinze Earl Morris? Nubwo Ann yabaye umusinzi ukomeye mu myaka ye yakurikiyeho, iki kibazo cyo kwirukana ubugome nacyo kigaragaza urugero umwuga wa Ann Morris wibagiwe, wirengagijwe, cyangwa se ukuraho.
Inga Calvin, umwarimu wa antropropologiya muri kaminuza ya Colorado, yanditse igitabo kivuga kuri Ann Morris, ashingiye ahanini ku mabaruwa ye. Ati: "Mu byukuri ni umuhanga mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo ufite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza n'amahugurwa yo mu murima mu Bufaransa, ariko kubera ko ari umukobwa, ntabwo afatanwa uburemere". Ati: "Ni umugore ukiri muto, mwiza, ushishikaye ukunda gushimisha abantu. Ntabwo bifasha. Yamamaye mu bucukumbuzi binyuze mu bitabo, kandi ntacyo bifasha. Abacukuzi ba kera bakomeye basuzugura abamamaza. Iki ni ikintu cy'umukobwa kuri bo. ”
Calvin atekereza ko Morris “adashyigikiwe kandi adasanzwe.” Mu ntangiriro ya 1920, imyambarire ya Ann yambaraga mu murima - kugenda mu mabere, ku maguru, no ku bagabo bateye intambwe - byari bikabije ku bagore. Ati: "Ahantu hitaruye cyane, gusinzira mu nkambi yuzuye abagabo bazunguza spatula, harimo n'abagabo kavukire b'Abanyamerika, ni kimwe."
Ku bwa Mary Ann Levine, umwarimu w’imiterere y’umuntu muri kaminuza ya Franklin na Marshall muri Pennsylvania, Morris yari “umupayiniya, ukoroniza ahantu hadatuwe.” Kubera ko ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina ryabangamiye inzira y’ubushakashatsi mu masomo, yabonye akazi gakwiye ku bashakanye babigize umwuga hamwe na Earle, yandika raporo ye ya tekinike, amufasha gusobanura ibyo babonye, kandi yandika ibitabo byatsinze. Levine yagize ati: "Yamenyesheje uburyo n'intego z'ubucukumbuzi ku baturage bashishikaye, harimo n'abakobwa bakiri bato." “Igihe yavugaga amateka ye, yanditse mu mateka ya kera y'Abanyamerika.”
Igihe Ann yageraga i Chichen Itza, muri Yucatan, mu 1924, Silvanas Molly yamusabye kwita ku mukobwa we w'imyaka 6 kandi akanakira abashyitsi. Kugira ngo ahunge iyo mirimo kandi asuzume aho hantu, yasanze urusengero ruto rwirengagijwe. Yemeje Molly kumureka ngo acukure, maze aracukura yitonze. Igihe Earl yasubizaga urusengero ruhebuje rw'Intwari (800-1050 nyuma ya Yesu), umuhanga mu gusiga amarangi Ann yarimo yandukura kandi yiga amashusho yacyo. Ubushakashatsi n’ibishushanyo bye ni igice cyingenzi cy’ibice bibiri by’urusengero rw’abarwanyi i Chichen Itza, muri Yucatan, byasohowe n'ikigo cya Carnegie mu 1931. Afatanije na Earl hamwe n’umufaransa Jean Charlotte, afatwa nka Co- umwanditsi.
Mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Amerika, Ann na Earl bakoze ubucukuzi bunini kandi bandika kandi biga petroglyphs mu bice bine. Igitabo cye kuri izo mbaraga cyahinduye imitekerereze gakondo ya Anasazi. Nkuko Voorhees abivuga, “Abantu batekereza ko iki gice cy'igihugu cyahoze ari inzererezi zihiga. Ntabwo Abasazi batekereza ko bafite umuco, imigi, umuco, hamwe na centre civile. Ibyo Ann Morris yakoze muri kiriya gitabo Byarangiritse cyane kandi bigena ibihe byose byigenga byimyaka 1000 yubusabane-Abakora Igitebo 1, 2, 3, 4; Pueblo 3, 4, n'ibindi. ”
Voorhees amubona nk'umugore wo mu kinyejana cya 21 wazimiye mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Ati: "Mu mibereho ye, yirengagijwe, arashyigikirwa, arashinyagurirwa kandi abuzwa nkana, kubera ko archeologiya ari club y'abahungu". “Urugero rwiza ni ibitabo bye. Byanditswe neza ku bantu bakuru bafite impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza, ariko bigomba gutangazwa nk'ibitabo by'abana. ”
Voorhees yasabye Tom Felton (uzwi cyane mu gukina Draco Malfoy muri firime ya Harry Potter) gukina Earl Morris. Producer Ann Morris (Ann Morris) akina na Abigail Lawrie, umukinnyi w’amafirime w’amavuko w’imyaka 24 ukomoka muri Ecosse azwi cyane kubera ikinamico y’ibyaha yo kuri televiziyo yo mu Bwongereza yitwa “Tin Star”, kandi umusore w’Abacukuzi ba kera bafite ibintu bisa cyane ku mubiri. Voorhees yagize ati: "Ninkaho twavutse ubwa kabiri Ann." “Ntabwo bitangaje iyo uhuye na we.”
Ku munsi wa gatatu wa kanyoni, Voorhees n'abakozi bageze mu gace Ann yanyerera kandi hafi yo gupfa igihe yurira urutare, aho we na Earle bakoze bimwe mu bintu byavumbuwe cyane-nk'ubupayiniya bw'ubucukuzi bw'urugo Urugo rwinjiye mu buvumo bwitwa Holocaust, hejuru hafi yinkombe ya kanyoni, itagaragara kuva hepfo.
Mu kinyejana cya 18 n'icya 19, habaye ibitero by'urugomo, ibitero, n'intambara hagati ya Navajo n'Abesipanyoli muri New Mexico. Mu 1805, abasirikari bo muri Esipanye binjiye muri kanyoni kugira ngo bihorere igitero cya Navajo giherutse. Abagera kuri 25 Navajos - abasaza, abagore, n'abana - bihishe mu buvumo. Iyo hataba umukecuru watangiye gutuka abo basirikare, akavuga ko ari "abantu bagenda badafite amaso", bari kwihisha.
Abasirikare ba Espagne ntibashoboraga kurasa mu buryo butaziguye, ariko amasasu yabo asohoka mu rukuta rw'ubuvumo, arakomeretsa cyangwa yica abantu benshi bari imbere. Abasirikare bazamuka mu buvumo, bica inkomere kandi bibye ibintu byabo. Nyuma yimyaka hafi 120, Ann na Earl Morris binjiye mu buvumo basanga skeleti yera, amasasu yishe Navajo, kandi ashyira ibibanza hejuru yurukuta rwinyuma. Ubwicanyi bwahaye Urupfu Canyon izina ribi. (Umuhanga mu bumenyi bwa geologiya witwa Smithsonian James Stevenson yayoboye urugendo hano mu 1882 maze yita kanyoni.)
Taft Blackhorse yagize ati: “Dufite kirazira ikomeye yo kurwanya abapfuye. Ntabwo tuvuga kuri bo. Ntabwo dukunda kuguma aho abantu bapfira. Niba umuntu apfuye, abantu bakunda guta inzu. Ubugingo bw'abapfuye buzababaza abazima, bityo natwe abantu twirinde kwica ubuvumo n'inzu zo mu bitare. ” Kirazira y'urupfu rwa Navajo ishobora kuba imwe mu mpamvu zatumye Canyon y'abapfuye atagize ingaruka mbere yuko Ann na Earl Morris bahagera. Yasobanuye mu magambo asobanura ko ari “hamwe mu hantu hakize cyane mu bucukuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo ku isi.”
Hafi y’ubuvumo bwa jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi ni ahantu heza kandi heza hitwa Ubuvumo bwa Mummy: Aha ni bwo bwa mbere bushimishije bwa mbere Voorhees igaragara kuri ecran. Ubu ni ubuvumo bubiri bwumusenyi utukura umuyaga. Kuruhande rwa metero 200 hejuru yubutaka bwa kanyoni ni umunara wamagorofa atatu atangaje afite ibyumba byinshi byegeranye, byose byubatswe nubukorikori nabantu ba Anasazi cyangwa abakurambere ba Pueblo.
Mu 1923, Ann na Earl Morris bacukuye hano basanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko bamaze imyaka 1.000 bakora, harimo imirambo myinshi yimuwe ifite umusatsi n'uruhu bikiri byiza. Hafi ya mummy hafi ya yose - umugabo, umugore, n'umwana - bambaraga ibishishwa n'amasaro; niko na kagoma yamatungo yabashyinguye.
Imwe mu nshingano za Ann ni ugukuraho umwanda wa mumyiyumu mu binyejana byakurikiyeho no kuvana imbeba zo mucyari mu nda yazo. Ntabwo yikanga na gato. Ann na Earl barashyingiranywe, kandi ubu ni ukwezi kwa buki.
Mu nzu ntoya ya Ben Gell i Tucson, mu kajagari k’ubukorikori bw’amajyepfo y’iburengerazuba hamwe n’ibikoresho byafashwe amajwi bya kera byo muri Danemarike, hari amabaruwa menshi, amakarita, amafoto n’urwibutso rwa nyirakuru. Yakuye reververi mu cyumba cye, Morriss yajyanye nabo mu rugendo. Ku myaka 15, Earl Morris yerekanye umugabo wishe se nyuma yo gutongana mu modoka i Farmington, muri New Mexico. Gale ati: "Amaboko ya Earl yatigise cyane ku buryo atashoboraga gufata pistolet." Ati: “Igihe yakururaga imbarutso, imbunda ntiyarashe maze ahunga afite ubwoba.”
Earle yavukiye i Chama, muri New Mexico mu 1889. Yakuze ari kumwe na se, umushoferi w'ikamyo akaba na injeniyeri w'ubwubatsi wakoraga mu gutunganya umuhanda, kubaka urugomero, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na gari ya moshi. Mu gihe cyabo cy'ikiruhuko, se n'umuhungu bashakishije ibisigisigi by'Abanyamerika; Earle yakoresheje umushinga mugufi wo gutoragura gucukura inkono ye ya mbere afite imyaka 31/2. Se amaze kwicwa, gucukura ibihangano byabaye ubuvuzi bwa Earl OCD. Mu 1908, yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Colorado ahitwa Boulder, ari naho yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na psychologiya, ariko ashimishwa n'ubucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo - atari ugucukura inkono n'ubutunzi gusa, ahubwo yanashishikajwe no kumenya no gusobanukirwa ibyahise. Mu 1912, yacukuye amatongo y'Abamaya muri Guatemala. Mu 1917, afite imyaka 28, yatangiye gucukura no kugarura amatongo ya Aztec ya basekuruza ba Pueblo muri New Mexico kubera inzu ndangamurage y’amateka Kamere y'Abanyamerika.
Ann yavutse 1900 akurira mumuryango ukize muri Omaha. Afite imyaka 6, nkuko yabivuze muri “Southwest Digging”, inshuti yumuryango yamubajije icyo yashakaga gukora amaze gukura. Nkuko yisobanuye, wiyubashye kandi wibanze, yatanze igisubizo gisubirwamo neza, kikaba ari ubuhanuzi nyabwo bwubuzima bwe bukuze: “Ndashaka gucukumbura ubutunzi bwashyinguwe, gucukumbura mubahinde, gushushanya no kwambara Genda ku mbunda hanyuma ujye muri kaminuza. ”
Gal yagiye asoma amabaruwa Ann yandikiye nyina muri Smith College i Northampton, Massachusetts. Gale yarambwiye ati: “Umwarimu yavuze ko ari umukobwa ufite ubwenge kurusha abandi muri kaminuza ya Smith. Ati: "Nubuzima bwishyaka, birasetsa cyane, wenda byihishe inyuma. Yakomeje gukoresha urwenya mumabaruwa ye abwira nyina byose, harimo n'iminsi adashobora kubyuka. Kwiheba? Hangover? Ahari byombi. Yego, mu by'ukuri ntitubizi. ”
Ann ashimishwa n'abantu bo hambere, amateka ya kera, hamwe na kavukire y'Abanyamerika mbere yuko Abanyaburayi bigarurira. Yinubiye umwarimu w’amateka ko amasomo yabo yose yatangiye atinze kandi ko hashyizweho umuco na guverinoma. Yanditse ati: “Igihe umwarimu yatotejwe, navuze ko nshobora gushaka amateka ya kera kuruta amateka, ni bwo umuseke utatangiye.” Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Smith mu 1922, yafashe ubwato yerekeza mu Bufaransa kugira ngo yinjire mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku mateka ya kera, aho yakiriye amahugurwa yo gucukura.
Nubwo mbere yari yarigeze guhura na Earl Morris i Shiprock, muri New Mexico, yasuye mubyara we - igihe cyagenwe cyo kurambagiza nticyari gisobanutse. Ariko bigaragara ko Earl yoherereje Ann ibaruwa igihe yigaga mu Bufaransa, amusaba ko yamushyingira. Gale yagize ati: “Yaramushimishije rwose. “Yarongoye intwari ye. Ubu kandi ni inzira kuri we yo kuba umucukuzi-yinjira mu nganda. ” Mu ibaruwa yandikiye umuryango we mu 1921, yavuze ko aramutse ari umugabo, Earl yari kwishimira kumuha akazi ko gucukura, ariko umuterankunga we ntazigera yemera ko umugore agira uyu mwanya. Yanditse ati: “Ntawabura kuvuga ko amenyo yanje yaranyeganyega kubera gusya inshuro nyinshi.”
Ubukwe bwabereye i Gallup, muri New Mexico mu 1923. Hanyuma, nyuma yo gucukura ukwezi kwa buki mu buvumo bwa Mummy, bafashe ubwato bajya i Yucatan, aho ikigo cya Carnegie cyahaye akazi Earl cyo gucukura no kubaka urusengero rwa Warrior muri Chichen Itza. Ku meza y’igikoni, Gail yashyize Amafoto ya sekuru na nyirakuru mu matongo y’Abamaya-Ann yambaye ingofero yoroheje nishati yera, yandukura amashusho; ugutwi kumanika ivanga rya sima kumashini yikamyo; kandi ari mu rusengero ruto rwa Xtoloc Cenote. Ngaho “yungutse imbaraga” nk'umucukuzi, yanditse mu bucukuzi bwakorewe muri Yucatan.
Mu myaka ya za 1920, umuryango wa Morris wabayeho ubuzima bwimuka, ugabanya igihe cyabo hagati ya Yucatan na Southwestern Amerika. Urebye mu maso no ku mvugo y'umubiri bigaragara ku mafoto ya Ann, ndetse na prose ishishikaje kandi yubaka mu bitabo bye, amabaruwa ye ndetse n'ibitabo bye, biragaragara ko arimo gufata ibintu bikomeye ku mubiri no mu bwenge hamwe n'umugabo ashima. Ku bwa Inga Calvin, Ann anywa inzoga - ntibisanzwe ku bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo - ariko aracyakora kandi yishimira ubuzima bwe.
Noneho, mugihe runaka muri 1930, uyu mugore uzi ubwenge, ufite ingufu yabaye umuragwa. Gale yagize ati: "Iri ni ryo banga rikomeye mu buzima bwe, kandi umuryango wanjye ntiwigeze ubivugaho." “Igihe nabazaga mama ibya Ann, yavugishaga ukuri ati: 'Ni umusinzi,' hanyuma agahindura ingingo. Ntabwo mpakana ko Ann ari umusinzi - agomba kuba - ariko ndatekereza ko ibi bisobanuro byoroshye NS. ”
Gale yashakaga kumenya niba gutura no kubyara i Boulder, muri leta ya Kolorado (nyina Elizabeth Ann yavutse mu 1932 na Sarah Lane yavutse mu 1933) byari inzibacyuho itoroshye nyuma yiyo myaka yo kwidagadura ku isonga mu bucukumbuzi. Inga Calvin yavuze yeruye ati: “Iyo ni ikuzimu. Kuri Ann n'abana be, baramutinya. ” Ariko, hariho n'inkuru zerekeye Ann akora ibirori by'imyambarire kubana murugo rwa Boulder.
Igihe yari afite imyaka 40, ni gake cyane yavuye mu cyumba cyo hejuru. Umuryango umwe uvuga ko yajyaga hasi kabiri mu mwaka gusura abana be, kandi icyumba cye cyari kibujijwe rwose. Muri icyo cyumba harimo siringi na Bunsen, ibyo byatumye bamwe mu bagize umuryango bakeka ko yakoreshaga morphine cyangwa heroine. Gail ntabwo yatekerezaga ko arukuri. Ann afite diyabete kandi arimo gutera insuline. Yavuze ko ahari gutwika Bunsen bikoreshwa mu gushyushya ikawa cyangwa icyayi.
Ati: "Ntekereza ko iyi ari ihuriro ry'ibintu byinshi". “Yasinze, diyabete, arthrite ikabije, kandi rwose arwaye indwara yo kwiheba.” Mu mpera z'ubuzima bwe, Earl yandikiye se wa Ann ibaruwa ivuga ku byo umuganga yakoze X Isuzuma ryoroheje ryerekanye imitwe yera, “nk'umurizo w'inyenyeri winjira mu ruti rw'umugongo”. Gale yibwiraga ko nodule ari ikibyimba kandi ububabare bukabije.
Coerte Voorhees yashakaga gufata amashusho ye yose ya Canyon de Chelly na Canyon del Muerto ahantu nyaburanga muri Arizona, ariko kubera impamvu zamafaranga yagombaga kurasa amashusho menshi ahandi. Intara ya New Mexico, aho we hamwe nitsinda rye, iratanga imisoro myinshi yo gutunganya amafilime muri leta, mugihe Arizona ntacyo itanga.
Ibi bivuze ko igihagararo cy’Urwibutso rw’igihugu rwa Canyon Decelli kigomba kuboneka muri New Mexico. Nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bunini, yahisemo kurasa muri Parike ya Red Rock iri mu nkengero za Gallup. Ubunini bw'ahantu nyaburanga ni buto cyane, ariko bukozwe mu ibuye rimwe ry'umucanga ritukura, ryangirika mu buryo busa n'umuyaga, kandi bitandukanye n'imyizerere ikunzwe, kamera ni umubeshyi mwiza.
I Hongyan, abakozi bakoranye n'amafarashi adakorana mu muyaga no mu mvura kugeza nimugoroba, maze umuyaga uhinduka urubura rudasanzwe. Saa sita zuzuye, urubura rwa shelegi ruracyari mu butayu bunini, kandi Laurie-mubyukuri ishusho nzima ya Ann Morris-arimo kumutoza hamwe na Taft Blackhorse n'umuhungu we Sheldon Navajo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-09-2021