Iterambere rishya mubwishingizi bufite ireme rishobora gutanga amakuru yingenzi kubijyanye nubwiza, kuramba, no kubahiriza ibishushanyo mbonera.
Kubaka kaburimbo ya beto birashobora kubona ibyihutirwa, kandi rwiyemezamirimo akeneye kugenzura ubuziranenge nigihe kirekire bya beto. Ibi birori birimo guhura nimvura mugihe cyo gusuka, nyuma yo gukoresha imiti ivura, kugabanuka kwa plastike namasaha yamenetse mumasaha make nyuma yo gusuka, hamwe nibisobanuro bifatika hamwe nibibazo byo gukiza. Nubwo imbaraga zisabwa nibindi bizamini byujujwe, injeniyeri zirashobora gusaba kuvanaho no gusimbuza ibice bya kaburimbo kuko bahangayikishijwe nuko ibikoresho biri mukibanza byujuje ibyashushanyije.
Muri iki kibazo, petrography nubundi buryo bwuzuzanya (ariko bwumwuga) burashobora gutanga amakuru yingenzi kubijyanye nubwiza nigihe kirekire cyimvange zifatika kandi niba zujuje ibyangombwa byakazi.
Igishushanyo 1. Ingero za microscope microscope ya paste ya beto kuri 0.40 w / c (imfuruka yo hejuru ibumoso) na 0.60 w / c (hejuru yiburyo). Igishushanyo cyo hepfo cyibumoso cyerekana igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana bwa silinderi ya beto. Igishushanyo cyo hepfo cyiburyo cyerekana isano iri hagati yo kurwanya amajwi na w / c. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, Isosiyete Twining
Amategeko ya Aburamu: “Imbaraga zo kwikuramo imvange ya beto ihwanye cyane n’ikigereranyo cy’amazi-sima.”
Porofeseri Duff Abrams yabanje gusobanura isano iri hagati y’ikigereranyo cy’amazi-sima (w / c) n’imbaraga zo gukandamiza mu 1918 [1], maze ategura icyo bita amategeko ya Aburamu: “Imbaraga zo kwikuramo igipimo cy’amazi / sima.” Usibye kugenzura imbaraga zo guhonyora, igipimo cya sima y'amazi (w / cm) ubu kirashimwa kuko cyemera gusimbuza sima ya Portland hamwe nibikoresho bya sima byiyongera nka ivu ryisazi na slag. Nibintu byingenzi byingenzi biramba. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko imvange ya beto ifite w / cm iri munsi ya ~ 0.45 iramba ahantu habi, nko mu turere twahuye nizuba ryikonjesha hamwe nunyunyu zerekana cyangwa ahantu usanga sulfate nyinshi mubutaka.
Imyanda ya capillary ni igice cyihariye cya sima. Zigizwe n'umwanya uri hagati y'ibicuruzwa bitanga sima hamwe na sima idafite amazi ya sima yigeze kuzura amazi. [2] Imyanda ya capillary ni nziza cyane kuruta imyanda yashizwemo cyangwa yafashwe kandi ntigomba kwitiranywa nayo. Iyo imyenge ya capillary ihujwe, amazi ava mubidukikije arashobora kwimuka akoresheje paste. Iyi phenomenon yitwa penetration kandi igomba kugabanywa kugirango irambe. Microstructure yimvange ya beto iramba ni uko imyenge igabanijwe aho guhuzwa. Ibi bibaho iyo w / cm iri munsi ya ~ 0.45.
Nubwo bizwi ko bigoye gupima neza w / cm ya beto ikomye, uburyo bwizewe burashobora gutanga igikoresho cyingenzi cyubwishingizi bwiza bwo gukora iperereza kuri beto ikomye. Microscopi ya Fluorescence itanga igisubizo. Nuburyo bukora.
Microscopi ya Fluorescence nubuhanga bukoresha epoxy resin hamwe n amarangi ya fluorescent kugirango amurikire amakuru yibikoresho. Ikoreshwa cyane mubumenyi bwubuvuzi, kandi ifite nuburyo bukoreshwa mubumenyi bwa siyansi. Gushyira mu bikorwa ubu buryo muri beto byatangiye hashize imyaka 40 muri Danimarike [3]; ryashyizwe mu bikorwa mu bihugu bya Nordic mu 1991 kugira ngo rigereranye w / c ya beto ikomeye, kandi ivugururwa mu 1999 [4].
Gupima w / cm y'ibikoresho bishingiye kuri sima (ni ukuvuga beto, minisiteri, na grouting), epoxy ya fluorescent ikoreshwa mugukora igice cyoroshye cyangwa guhagarika beto ifite ubugari bwa microni 25 cyangwa 1/1000 (Ishusho 2). Inzira ikubiyemo intangiriro ya beto cyangwa silinderi yaciwemo ibice bisobekeranye (byitwa ubusa) bifite ubuso bungana na mm 25 x 50 mm (1 x 2 inches). Ubusa bufatanye ku kirahure cy'ikirahure, gishyirwa mu cyumba cya vacuum, kandi epoxy resin itangizwa munsi ya vacuum. Mugihe w / cm yiyongera, guhuza numubare wa pore biziyongera, bityo epoxy nyinshi izinjira muri paste. Turasuzuma flake munsi ya microscope, dukoresheje urutonde rwayunguruzo rwihariye kugirango dushimishe amarangi ya fluorescent muri epoxy resin hanyuma tuyungurura ibimenyetso birenze. Muri aya mashusho, uduce twirabura tugereranya ibice byose hamwe na sima idafite amazi. Ibyiza byombi ni 0%. Icyatsi kibisi cyerurutse nicyiza (ntabwo ari icyunamo), kandi icyunamo ni 100%. Kimwe muri ibyo biranga Icyatsi kibisi "ibintu" ni paste (Ishusho 2). Mugihe w / cm hamwe na capillary porosity ya beto yiyongera, ibara ryicyatsi ridasanzwe rya paste riba ryinshi kandi ryaka (reba Ishusho 3).
Igishushanyo cya 2. Fluorescence micrografi ya flake yerekana ibice byegeranijwe, ubusa (v) na paste. Ubugari bwa horizontal ubugari ni ~ 1.5 mm. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, Isosiyete Twining
Igishushanyo cya 3. Fluorescence micrographs ya flake yerekana ko uko w / cm yiyongera, paste yicyatsi igenda iba nziza. Izi mvange zirahumeka kandi zirimo ivu ryisazi. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, Isosiyete Twining
Isesengura ryamashusho ririmo gukuramo amakuru yuzuye mumashusho. Ikoreshwa mubice byinshi bya siyansi, uhereye kuri microscope ya kure. Buri pigiseli mumashusho ya digitale ihinduka ingingo yamakuru. Ubu buryo budufasha guhuza imibare kurwego rutandukanye rwicyatsi kiboneka muri aya mashusho. Mu myaka 20 ishize cyangwa irenga, hamwe nimpinduramatwara mububasha bwo kubara kuri desktop no kugura amashusho ya digitale, isesengura ryamashusho ryahindutse igikoresho gifatika microscopiste benshi (harimo naba petrologue ba beto) bashobora gukoresha. Dukunze gukoresha isesengura ryamashusho kugirango dupime capillary porosity ya slurry. Igihe kirenze, twasanze hariho imibare ikomeye itondekanya imibare hagati ya w / cm na capillary porosity, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho akurikira (Ishusho ya 4 nishusho 5)).
Igicapo 4. Urugero rwamakuru yakuwe muri micrografi ya fluorescence yibice bito. Iyi shusho itegura umubare wa pigiseli kurwego rwimyenda yatanzwe murwego rumwe rwamafoto. Impinga eshatu zihuye na agregate (umurongo wa orange), paste (agace kijimye), nubusa (impinga ituzuye iburyo bwiburyo). Imirongo ya paste yemerera umuntu kubara impuzandengo ya pore nubunini busanzwe. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, Uruganda rwa Twining Igicapo 5. Iyi shusho yerekana incamake yikigereranyo cya w / cm ikigereranyo cya capillary hamwe na 95% intera yicyizere muruvange rugizwe na sima isukuye, sima yivu, hamwe na pozzolan isanzwe. Chunyu Qiao na DRP, Isosiyete Twining
Mu isesengura ryanyuma, ibizamini bitatu byigenga birasabwa kwerekana ko kuri beto yujuje ibyangombwa bivanze. Mugihe gishoboka, shakisha ingero zibanze zashyizwe mubisabwa byujuje ibisabwa byose, kimwe nicyitegererezo kiva mubyerekeranye. Intangiriro kuva imiterere yemewe irashobora gukoreshwa nkurugero rwo kugenzura, kandi urashobora kuyikoresha nkigipimo cyo gusuzuma iyubahirizwa ryimiterere.
Mubyatubayeho, iyo injeniyeri zifite inyandiko zibonye amakuru yakuwe muri ibi bizamini, mubisanzwe bemera gushyirwaho niba ibindi bintu byingenzi biranga ubwubatsi (nkimbaraga zo kwikuramo) byujujwe. Mugutanga ibipimo byuzuye bya w / cm nibintu byo gushiraho, turashobora kurenga ibizamini byagenwe kumirimo myinshi kugirango tumenye ko imvange ivugwa ifite imitungo izasobanurwa neza kuramba.
David Rothstein, Ph.D., PG, FACI numwanditsi mukuru wa DRP, Isosiyete ikora Twining. Afite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 25 yubumenyi bwa petrologue kandi ku giti cye yagenzuye ingero zirenga 10,000 ziva mu mishinga irenga 2000 ku isi. Dr. Chunyu Qiao, umuhanga mukuru wa DRP, Isosiyete ikora Twining, ni umuhanga mu bumenyi bwa geologiya n’ibikoresho ufite uburambe bwimyaka irenga icumi mu sima ya sima n’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe kandi bitunganijwe. Ubuhanga bwe bukubiyemo gukoresha isesengura ry’amashusho na microscopi ya fluorescence yiga igihe kirekire cya beto, hibandwa cyane cyane ku byangijwe n’imyunyu ngugu, imyunyu ngugu ya alkali-silikoni, n’ibitero by’imiti mu nganda zitunganya amazi y’amazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-07-2021