Gutema bwaterpet birashobora kuba uburyo bworoshye bwo gutunganya, ariko ifite ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bisaba umukoresha gukomeza kumenya kwambara no guhura nibice byinshi.
Kugabanya indege yoroshye cyane ni inzira yo guca amazi yigituba kinini. Ubu busanzwe iyi ikoranabuhanga ryuzuzanya nubundi Tekinoroji yo Gutunganya, nko gusya, Laser, Edm, na plasma. Mubikorwa byamazi, nta bintu byangiza cyangwa ifarashi byashizweho, kandi nta karere kibasiwe gashyushye cyangwa guhangayikishwa na mashini. Indege zamazi zirashobora gukata amakuru yamabuye kumabuye, ikirahure nicyuma; Guhitamo vuba muri Titanium; gabanya ibiryo; ndetse no kwica pathogene mu binyobwa no kwibiza.
Imashini zose zaterjet zifite pompe zishobora guhagurukira amazi yo gutanga kumutwe, aho yahinduwe ku rugendo rudasanzwe. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa pompe: gutwara imodoka bishingiye kuri pompe hamwe na Booster ishingiye kuri pompe.
Uruhare rwibisobanuro bya disiki itaziguye bisa nibyasukuye-umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ibisebe bitatu-bya silinderi bitwara abarwayi batatu bava muri moteri yamashanyarazi. Umuvuduko ntarengwa uhoraho ni 10% kuri 25% munsi ya 25% munsi ya Booster pomps, ariko ibi biracyabarinda 20.000 na 50.000 psi.
Pumps ishingiye ku ntera zigize umubare munini wa Ultra-Hejuru Pumps (ni ukuvuga, pumps zirenga 30.000 psi). Izi pompe zirimo imizunguruko ibiri yamazi, imwe kumazi undi akoresheje hydraulics. Amazi Yuzuza Amazi Akayunguruzo Yambere Yanyuze muri 1 Micron Cartridge hanyuma akayunguruzo MIMI Aya mazi yinjira muri pompe ya Booster. Mbere yuko yinjira muri pompe ya Booster, igitutu cya pompe ya Booster kibungabungwa nka 90 PSI. Hano, igitutu cyiyongereye kugera ku 60.000 psi. Mbere yuko amazi arangije asiga pompe yashizweho akagera kumutwe mumuyoboro unyuze mumuyoboro, amazi anyura mumashanyarazi. Igikoresho kirashobora guhagarika ihindagurika ryimiturire kugirango rinoze kandi rikuraho impagarara zisiga ibimenyetso kukazi.
Mukarere k'umuzunguruko wa hydraulic, moteri yamashanyarazi hagati yamashanyarazi akuramo amavuta ya peteroli hanyuma akayikangura. Amavuta yamakuba yatembye kuri migwi, kandi valve yubusa bwateye amavuta ya hydraulic kumpande zombi zinteko ya biscuit hamwe ninteko ya plunger kugirango itange ibikorwa byubwoba bwa Booster yinzuki. Kubera ko ubuso bwa plunger ari buto kuruta ubw'ibisuguti, umuvuduko wa peteroli "wongera" igitutu cy'amazi.
Booster ni pompe yo gusubiramo, bivuze ko Inteko ya biscuit na plunger igangiza amazi yumuvuduko mwinshi kuva kuruhande rumwe rwa Booster, mugihe amazi yigituba yuzuza kurundi ruhande. Gukuramo kwemerera kandi amavuta ya hydraulic kugirango akonje iyo asubiye kuri tank. Kugenzura Valve iremeza ko umuvuduko ukabije n'amazi yo hejuru bishobora gutemba gusa mu cyerekezo kimwe. Imiti yimitike yo hejuru ningofero zikangirika zikangiza ibice bya plunger na biscuit bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa byihariye kugirango bahangane nimbaraga zuruhande rwibintu hamwe nigitutu gihoraho. Sisitemu yose yagenewe kunanirwa buhoro buhoro, kandi imirongo izatemba "umwobo" udasanzwe, ushobora gukurikiranwa nuwakoresha kugirango ategure kubungabunga buri gihe.
Umuyoboro udasanzwe wo mu gasozi utwara amazi kumutwe. Umuyoboro urashobora kandi gutanga ubwisanzure bwo kugenda kugirango ugabanye umutwe, bitewe nubunini bwumuyoboro. Icyuma kitagira ingaruka nigikoresho cyo guhitamo iyi miyoboro, kandi hari ingano eshatu zisanzwe. Imiyoboro yicyuma hamwe na diameter ya 1/4 irahinduka bihagije kugirango ihuze nibikoresho bya siporo, ariko ntibisabwa gutwara intera ndende yamazi yigituba kinini. Kubera ko iyi migi iroroshye kunama, no mumuzingo, uburebure bwa metero 10 kugeza kuri 20 irashobora kugera kuri x, y, na Z. Imiyoboro minini 3/8-santimetero 3/8-inkenga zitwara amazi muri pompe kugeza munsi yibikoresho byimuka. Nubwo bishobora kugorana, muri rusange ntabwo bikwiye ibikoresho bya pirine. Umuyoboro munini, upima santimetero 9/16, nibyiza gutwara amazi yigituba kinini intera ndende. Diameter nini ifasha kugabanya igihombo. Imiyoboro yubunini irahujwe cyane na pompe nini, kuko amazi yumuvuduko mwinshi kandi ufite ibyago byinshi byo gutakaza igitutu. Ariko, imiyoboro yubunini ntishobora kunanwa, kandi fittings igomba gushyirwaho ku mfuruka.
Imashini itangwa na Fotra y'amazi ni imashini igabanya amazi ya kera, kandi amateka yacyo irashobora kuva mu ntangiriro ya za 70. Ugereranije no guhuza ibikoresho cyangwa guhumeka ibikoresho, bitanga amazi make kubikoresho, nuko bikwiriye gukora ibicuruzwa nkumwanya wimodoka hamwe nimpapuro zibi. Amazi ananutse cyane-0.010 kuri santimetero 0,010 muri diameter-kandi itanga geometries irambuye cyane hamwe nigihombo gito cyibintu. Imbaraga zo gukata ni hasi cyane, kandi gukosorwa mubisanzwe. Izi mashini zikwiranye nakazi k'isaha 24.
Mugihe usuzumye umutwe waciwe mashini ya materpet yera, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko umuvuduko utemba ari ibice bya microscopique cyangwa ibice byibikoresho byo kurira, ntabwo ari igitutu. Kugirango ugere kuri iyi mpeshyi yihuta, amazi yububiko atemba anyuze mu mwobo muto muri gem (mubisanzwe safiro, ruby cyangwa diyama) yashizweho kumpera ya nozzle. Gukata bisanzwe bikoresha orifice diameter ya 0.004 kuri santimetero 0.010, mugihe porogaramu zidasanzwe (nko gutera beto) zishobora gukoresha ingano kugeza kuri santimetero 0.10. Kuri 40.000 psi, gutemba kuva kuri orifice bagenda kumuvuduko wa Mach 2, na 60.000 PSI, urujya n'uruza rurenze Mach 3.
Imitako itandukanye ifite ubuhanga butandukanye muri stawjit. Safi ni ibintu bisanzwe bisanzwe-intego. Bamara amasaha agera kuri 50 kugeza 100 yo gukata, nubwo porogaramu ya nyaburanga ya Acceaters yibanze kuri ibi bihe. Amabuye ya rubura ntabwo akwiriye gukata amazi meza, ariko amazi atemba arakwiriye cyane gutemanuka. Muburyo bwo gutema neza, umwanya wo gutema wa rubavu ni amasaha 50 kugeza 100. Diyama irahenze cyane kuruta safiro na rubura, ariko igihe cyo gukata kiri hagati yamasaha 800 na 2000. Ibi bituma diyama ikwiranye numubare wamasaha 24. Rimwe na rimwe, orififike ya diyama irashobora kandi guswera no gukoreshwa.
Muri mashini ya mazi ya nyaburanga, uburyo bwo gukuraho ibikoresho ntabwo ari amazi yonyine. Ibinyuranye, gutembera kwihuta guturika kwa burundu kubikoresho. Izi mashini ni inshuro ibihumbi n'ibihumbi zikomeye kuruta imashini zita ku mazi meza, kandi zishobora guca ibikoresho bikomeye nk'icyuma, ibuye, ibikoresho, ibikoresho bihimba, no mu nzego.
Umugezi wa Absasive ni munini kuruta umugezi wera amazi meza, ufite diameter hagati ya santimetero 0,020 na santimetero 0.050. Barashobora guca ibice nibikoresho bigera kuri santimetero 10 zidafite aho zishingiye ku kirere cyangwa guhangayika. Nubwo imbaraga zabo zariyongereye, imbaraga zo gukata imigezi ya Abuses iracyari munsi ya pound imwe. Ibikorwa hafi ya byose byerekeza bikoresha igikoresho cya jetting, kandi birashobora guhinduka byoroshye kumutwe kugirango ukoreshe umutwe, kandi hamwe na hit yamazi yamazi arashobora guhinduka ku ndege yera.
Amashusho arakomeye, yatoranijwe cyane kandi afite ubunini bwa garnet. Ingano zitandukanye za gride zirakwiriye imirimo itandukanye. Ubuso bwiza burashobora kuboneka hamwe na mesh 120 habshives, mugihe Mesh yo muri Gicurasi 80 byagaragaye ko bikwiranye nibisabwa muri rusange. 50 Mesh Gukata umuvuduko wihuta, ariko ubuso burazengurutse gato.
Nubwo indege y'amazi ziroroshye gukora kuruta izindi mashini nyinshi, umuyoboro uvanze bisaba kwitabwaho. Ubushobozi bwihuse bwiyi miyoboro ni nkimbunda yimbunda, ifite ubunini butandukanye nubuzima butandukanye bwo gusimbuza. Umuyoboro urambye uvanze ni udushya twimpimbano mu mazi meza yatuje, ariko umuyoboro uracyahuye nacyo, ikintu kiremereye, cyangwa ibikoresho biremereye, igituba gishobora gufata feri. Imiyoboro yangiritse ntishobora gusanwa, bityo rero kubika ibiciro bisaba kugabanya gusimbuza. Imashini zigezweho zisanzwe zifite imikorere yo gutahura byikora kugirango irinde kugongana no kuvanga umuyoboro.
Intera yo gutandukanya umuyoboro uvanze hamwe nibikoresho byateganijwe mubisanzwe 0.010 kugeza kuri santimetero 0.200, ariko umukoresha agomba kuzirikana ko gutandukana birenze 0.080 bizatera ubukonje hejuru yicyiciro. Gukata amazi hamwe nubundi buryo burashobora kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ubu bukonje.
Mu ntangiriro, umuyoboro uvanze wakozwe mu kanwa kavunika kandi wari ufite ubuzima bwa serivisi gusa kugeza kuri esheshatu. Uyu munsi imiyoboro ihatize ibiciro irashobora kugera kubuzima bwamasaha 35 kugeza kuri 60 kandi birasabwa gukata cyangwa gutoza abakora bashya. Umuryango wahimbye karbide tube yagura ubuzima bwa serivisi kugeza kuri 80 kugeza 90 yaciwe. Igifuniko cyiza cyashimangiye karbide umuyoboro ufite amasaha 100 kugeza ku 150, gikwiriye gukurikiza akazi ka buri munsi, kandi bigaragaza kwambara ibintu byateganijwe cyane.
Usibye gutanga icyerekezo, ibikoresho by'imashini ya mamero bigomba no gushiramo uburyo bwo kubona akazi na sisitemu yo gukusanya no gukusanya amazi n'imyanda kubikorwa byo gutanga.
Imashini zihagaze hamwe ningurube imwe ni amazi yoroshye. Indege za sitasiyo zihagaze zikoreshwa muri Aerospace kugirango zigabanye ibikoresho. Umukoresha agaburira ibikoresho mumugezi nka tsinda yabonye, mugihe umufata akusanya umugezi n imyanda. Amazi ahagarara menshi ni amazi meza, ariko si bose. Imashini yo kunyerera ni imashini ihagaze, aho ibicuruzwa nkimpapuro zigaburirwa binyuze muri mashini, kandi indege y'amazi igabanya ibicuruzwa mubugari bwihariye. Imashini yambukiranya ni imashini igenda kumurongo. Bakunze gukorana nimashini zinyerera kugirango bakore gride nkibikoresho nkibicuruzwa nkimashini zo kugurisha nkibara ryijimye. Imashini yo kunyerera igabanya ibicuruzwa mubugari bwihariye, mugihe imashini yambukiranya imipaka yambukiranya ibicuruzwa byagaburiwe.
Abakora ntibagomba gukoresha intoki ubu bwoko bwa mazi ya abrasive. Biragoye kwimura ikintu cyaciwe kumuvuduko runaka kandi uhoraho, kandi ni akaga gakomeye. Abakora benshi ntibazanasubiramo imashini zigenamiterere.
Imbonerahamwe ya XY, nanone yitwa imashini yo gukata, ni imashini ikunze gutema amazi ya mamero. Amazi meza yavuyemo gasike, plastiki, reberi, no kubeshya, mugihe icyitegererezo cyatashye cyaciwe imiti, ibirahuri, ikirahure, amabuye AkaziBench irashobora kuba nto nka metero 2 × 4 cyangwa nini nka metero 30 × 100. Mubisanzwe, kugenzura ibi bikoresho byimashini bikemurwa na CNC cyangwa PC. Motor Motors, mubisanzwe hamwe nibitekerezo byafunzwe, menya neza ubusugire n'umuvuduko. Igice cyibanze kirimo umurongo, kwitwaza kurya hamwe na screw screw, mugihe ishami ryikiraro ririmo ubwo buhanga, kandi ikigega cyo gukusanya kirimo inkunga yibikoresho.
Xy akazi mubisanzwe biza muburyo bubiri: Hagati ya garebebench irimo gariyamoshi ebyiri zishingiye kuri gari ya moshi hamwe nikiraro, mugihe akazi ka cantilew gakoresha ishingiro nikiraro gikomeye. Ubwoko bwimashini byombi birimo uburyo bumwe bwo guhindurwa uburebure bwumutwe. Ihinduka rya Z-AXI rishobora gufata ishusho yigitabo, imigozi y'amashanyarazi, cyangwa seriveri yuzuye.
Igituba kuri xy akazi mubisanzwe ni ikigega cy'amazi cyuzuyemo amazi, gifite ibikoresho cyangwa ibice byo gushyigikira akazi. Inzira yo gukata ikoresha iyi nkunga buhoro. Umutego urashobora kwisukurwa mu buryo bwikora, imyanda ibitswe muri kontineri, cyangwa irashobora kuba imfashanyigisho, kandi umukoresha buri gihe asuka imbaraga.
Mugihe igipimo cyibintu gifite hafi nta gaciro byiyongera, ubushobozi butanu (cyangwa byinshi) nibyingenzi kugirango ugabanye amazi agezweho. Kubwamahirwe, umutwe woroshye woroheje hamwe nimbaraga nke zisubira inyuma mugihe cyo gukata zitanga injeniyeri nubwisanzure bukabije budafite. Batanu-Axis waterjet yatermise yabanje gukoresha inyandiko yerekana template, ariko abakoresha bidatinze bahindukirira gahunda eshanu-axis kugirango bakureho ikiguzi cyicyitegererezo.
Ariko, ndetse na software yeguriwe, 3d gukata biragoye kuruta gutema 2D. Umurizo utuje igice cya Boeing 777 ni urugero rukabije. Ubwa mbere, umukoresha ashyiraho gahunda na porogaramu "poweti" yoroheje ". Ikamyo yo hejuru yo hejuru itwara ibikoresho byibice, kandi akabari k'isoko ntigurishwa uburebure bukwiye kandi ibice birakosowe. Ubusanzwe bwo Gutesha agaciro z proque kugirango ukoreshe neza igice mumwanya, kandi amanota yerekana kugirango abone igice gikwiye nubuyobozi. Nyuma yibyo, gahunda yoherejwe kumwanya nyawo wigice; Porobe isubizwe kugirango ibone umwanya wa Z-Axis yumutwe waciwe; Porogaramu ikoreramo igenzura amashoka atanu kugirango akomeze umutwe wagabanijwe kuri hejuru kugirango ucike, kandi ukore nkuko bisabwa mugihe gisabwa mumuvuduko nyawo.
Abrasuves asabwa guca ibikoresho bisanzwe cyangwa ibyuma byose birenze santimetero 0.05, bivuze ko ejecran igomba gukumirwa mugukata akabari nigituba nyuma yo gukata. Ifatwa ryihariye nuburyo bwiza bwo kugera kuri bitanu bwaterjat. Ibizamini byerekanye ko iri koranabuhanga rishobora guhagarika indege yinyamanswa 50-ifarashi munsi ya santimetero 6. Ikadiri ya C. Igitekerezo cyo gufata ingingo nacyo gihagarara Abrasion kandi kimara imipira y'ibyuma ku gipimo kigera kuri 0.5 kugeza kuri pound 1 ku isaha. Muri iyi sisitemu, indege ihagarikwa no gutatanya ingufu za kinetic: Nyuma yindege yinjiye mumupira wicyuma, ihura numupira wicyuma kirimo, kandi umupira wicyuma uzunguruka kugirango urya imbaraga za jet. N'igihe atambitse kandi (mubihe bimwe) hejuru, gufata umwanya birashobora gukora.
Ntabwo ibice bitanu bya Axis byose bifite kimwe. Mugihe ubunini bwigice bwiyongera, guhindura gahunda no kugenzura umwanya wigice no gukata kwukuri biragoye cyane. Amaduka menshi akoresha imashini ya 3D kugirango yoroshye ya 2d gukata no gukata buri munsi.
Abakora bagomba kumenya ko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati yitandukanya neza kandi ryimashini ifatika. Ndetse na mashini ifite hafi - neza neza, kugenda neza, kugenzura byihuta, hamwe nibishoboka byiza ntibishobora kubyara ibice "byiza". The accuracy of the finished part is a combination of process error, machine error (XY performance) and workpiece stability (fixture, flatness and temperature stability).
Mugihe cyo gutema ibikoresho bifite ubunini butarenze 1 Ibikoresho by'ubushobozi burenze 1 bingana na ± 0.005 kugeza kuri santimetero 0.100 (0.12 kugeza kuri MM 2.5). Imbonerahamwe yo murwego rwohejuru yagenewe umurongo ushyira umurongo wukuri wa 0.005 santimetero cyangwa irenga.
Imbaraga zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri kwukuri zirimo ibikoresho byindishyi, amakosa yo gutangiza, no kugenda kwimashini. Indishyi igikoresho nigiciro cyinjiza muri sisitemu yo kugenzura kugirango uzirikane ubugari bwo gukata indege-ni ukuvuga ko gukata inzira bigomba kwagurwa kugirango igice cyanyuma kibone ubunini bwa nyuma. Kugira ngo wirinde amakosa yo guhanura neza, abakora bagomba guca imanza kandi bakumva ko indishyi zabigenewe zigomba guhinduka kugirango uhuze inshuro zivanga.
Gutanga amakosa akenshi bibaho kuberako bimwe bigenzura xy bidagaragaza ibipimo kuri gahunda yigipapuro, bigatuma bigorana kubona kubura urwego hagati ya gahunda yigitabo hamwe nigishushanyo cya CAD. Ibice byingenzi byibice bya mashini bishobora kumenyekanisha amakosa ni icyuho no gusubiramo muburyo bwa mashini. Guhindura Servo nabyo ni ngombwa, kuko ihinduka ridakwiye guhinduka rishobora gutera amakosa mu cyuho, gusubiramo, guhagarikwa, no kuganira. Ibice bito bifite uburebure nubugari bwa santimetero 12 ntibisaba ameza menshi ya xy nkibice binini, bityo birashoboka ko amakosa yimashini ari make.
Kubara kuri konte ya bibiri bya gatatu byamafaranga yo gukora ya sisitemu ya mazi. Abandi barimo imbaraga, amazi, ikirere, kashe, reba indangagaciro, orifiti, kuvanga imiyoboro, ibikoresho byamazi yangiza hydraulic hamwe na silinderi yoroheje.
Igikorwa cyuzuye cyamashanyarazi cyasaga gihenze cyane, ariko ubwiyongere bwumusaruro bwarenze ikiguzi. Nkuko igipimo cyimiterere yiyongera, umuvuduko ukata uziyongera kandi ikiguzi kuri santimetero kizagabanuka kugeza igeze kubintu byiza. Kumusaruro ntarengwa, umukoresha agomba guhagarika umutwe kumuvuduko wihuta cyane hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi zo gukoresha neza. Niba sisitemu y'imbaraga 100 ishobora gukoresha umutwe wimbaraga zifarasi 50, hanyuma kwiruka imitwe ibiri kuri sisitemu birashobora kugera kuri ubu buryo bwiza.
Kunoza amazi ya mazi yibutsa bisaba kwita kubintu runaka biriho, ariko birashobora gutanga umusaruro mwiza.
Ntabwo ari byiza kugabanya icyuho cyikirere kirenze santimetero 0.020 kuko indege ifungura mu cyuho kandi ikata urwego rwo hasi. Gukoresha amabati ya hafi birashobora kubuza ibi.
Gupima umusaruro mubijyanye nigiciro kuri santimetero (ni ukuvuga umubare wibice byakozwe na sisitemu), ntabwo bigura kumasaha. Mubyukuri, umusaruro wihuse urakenewe kugirango ugabanye ibiciro bitaziguye.
Amazi akunze gutobora ibikoresho, ikirahure, namabuye agomba kuba gifite umugenzuzi ushobora kugabanya no kongera umuvuduko wamazi. Vacuum ifasha hamwe nizindi ikoranabuhanga ryongera amahirwe yo gutobora neza ibikoresho byoroshye cyangwa byashize utangiza ibikoresho.
Gukemura ibikoresho birumvikana gusa iyo konti zikoreshwa mubice binini byibiciro byibice. Imashini zamazi zamazi zikunze gukoresha intoki, mugihe plaque yometseho cyane ikoresha autocation.
Sisitemu nyinshi za mamero zikoresha amazi asanzwe, na 90% byabakoresha baterJet batagira imyiteguro itari yo yoroshya amazi mbere yo kohereza amazi kurubuga rwa Alet. Ukoresheje Osmose ya Osmose hamwe na Desizers yo kweza amazi birashobora kugeragezwa, ariko gukuramo ions byorohereza amazi gukuramo ions muri pompe no mumigambi miremire. Irashobora kwagura ubuzima bwa orifice, ariko ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza silinderi yo hejuru, reba valve kandi igifuniko cyanyuma ni hejuru cyane.
Gukata amazi bigabanya ubukonje (bizwi kandi nka "igihu cyacyo") kuruhande rwa etrosive yabungamira, mugihe kigabanuka cyane rutera urusaku hamwe nakazi kamuha. Ariko, ibi biragabanya kugaragara kwindege, birasabwa rero gukoresha igenzura ryimikorere ya elegitoronike kugirango tumenye gutandukana kuva mubihe bibi no guhagarika sisitemu mbere yabyangiritse.
Kuri sisitemu ikoresha amashusho atandukanye ya ecran ya mirimo itandukanye, nyamuneka koresha ububiko bwinyongera no kurambika ingano rusange. Gitoya (100 lb) cyangwa nini (500 ya 2000 lb) bitera hejuru kandi bifitanye isano na Meteroling Valve ihinduka hagati ya ecran nini, kugabanya igihe cyo hasi, mugihe cyongera umusaruro.
Igice gitandukanijwe gishobora gutema neza hamwe nubunini bwa santimetero 0.3. Nubwo aya magambo ashobora kwemeza gusya kabiri igikundiki, birashobora kugera kubintu byihuse. Ibikoresho bikomeye bizagira ibirango bito.
Imashini ifite indege ya atusive kandi igenzura ubujyakuzimu. Kubice byiza, iyi nzira nakoze irashobora gutanga ubundi buryo.
Umucyo w'izuba
Gutema waterjet bifata umwanya mubikoresho byo gukora ibikoresho. Iyi ngingo irasa nuburyo amazi akorera mububiko bwawe akareba inzira.
Igihe cya nyuma: Sep-04-2021