Gusubiza umuhanda wa Arizona kuri Portland sima ya Portland birashobora kwerekana gusa inyungu zo gukoresha urusyo rwa diyama nkuburyo bwo gusya no kuzuza. Icyerekezo cyerekana ko mugihe cyimyaka 30, amafaranga yo kubungabunga azagabanukaho miliyari 3.9 USD.
Iyi ngingo ishingiye ku mbuga za interineti zabanje gukorwa mu nama mpuzamahanga ya tekinike ya Grooving and Grinding Association (IGGA) mu Kuboza 2020. Reba demo yuzuye hepfo.
Abatuye mu gace ka Phoenix bifuza umuhanda mwiza, mwiza, kandi utuje. Icyakora, kubera ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abaturage muri kariya gace n’amafaranga adahagije yo gukomeza, imihanda yo muri ako gace yagabanutse mu myaka icumi ishize. Ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Arizona (ADOT) ryiga ibisubizo byubaka kugirango bikomeze umuhanda waryo kandi bitange ubwoko bwimihanda abaturage bategereje.
Phoenix n'umujyi wa gatanu utuwe cyane muri Amerika, kandi n'ubu uracyatera imbere. Umujyi wa kilometero 435 z'imihanda n'ibiraro ukomezwa n’ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Arizona (ADOT), igice kinini kikaba kigizwe n’imihanda ine ifite umuhanda munini w’ibinyabiziga byinshi (HOV). Hamwe ningengo yubwubatsi ingana na miliyoni 500 US $ kumwaka, ubusanzwe akarere gakora imishinga yubwubatsi 20 kugeza kuri 25 kumuhanda munini cyane.
Arizona yakoresheje kaburimbo ya beto kuva 1920. Beto irashobora gukoreshwa mumyaka mirongo kandi ikenera gusa kubungabunga buri myaka 20-25. Kuri Arizona, uburambe bwimyaka 40 bwashoboye gukoreshwa mugihe cyo kubaka umuhanda munini wa leta mu myaka ya za 1960. Muri kiriya gihe, gutunganya umuhanda na beto byasobanuraga gucuruza mu bijyanye n'urusaku rw'umuhanda. Muri iki gihe, ubuso bwa beto burangizwa no gutobora (gukurura icyuma hejuru yicyuma hejuru ya perpendikulari yimodoka), kandi amapine atwara kuri beto yatobotse azabyara urusaku rwinshi. Muri 2003, kugirango dukemure ikibazo cyurusaku, 1-in. Asfalt Rubber Friction Layeri (AR-ACFC) yashyizwe hejuru ya beto ya Portland Cement (PCC). Ibi bitanga isura ihamye, ijwi rituje hamwe ningendo nziza. Ariko, kubungabunga ubuso bwa AR-ACFC byagaragaye ko ari ikibazo.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya AR-ACFC ni imyaka 10. Umuhanda munini wa Arizona ubu warenze ubuzima bwabo bwo gushushanya kandi urashaje. Gutondekanya hamwe nibibazo bifitanye isano bitera ibibazo kubashoferi na minisiteri ishinzwe gutwara abantu. Nubwo gusiba mubisanzwe bivamo gusa gutakaza uburebure bwa santimetero 1 zubujyakuzimu (kubera ko asifalt yuburebure bwa santimetero 1 yatandukanijwe na beto hepfo), aho gusezerera bifatwa nkibinogo nabanyagihugu bagenda kandi bifatwa nkibikomeye ikibazo.
Nyuma yo kugerageza gusya diyama, ibisekuruza bizaza-ibisekuruza, no kurangiza hejuru ya beto hamwe no gusya cyangwa micromilling, ADOT yemeje ko imyenda miremire yabonetse mu gusya diyama itanga isura ishimishije kandi ikora neza (Nkuko bigaragazwa numubare muto wa IRI) ) hamwe no gusohora urusaku ruke. Randy Everett na Arizona ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu
Arizona ikoresha indangagaciro mpuzamahanga (IRI) mu gupima uko umuhanda umeze, kandi umubare wagabanutse. . Ibipimo bya IRI byakozwe mu mwaka wa 2010, 72% by'imihanda minini ihuza ibihugu mu karere imeze neza. Muri 2018, iki gipimo cyari cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 53%. Inzira nyabagendwa ya sisitemu yigihugu nayo irerekana inzira yo kumanuka. Ibipimo byakozwe mu 2010 byagaragaje ko 68% by'imihanda byari bimeze neza. Muri 2018, iyi mibare yari yagabanutse kugera kuri 35%.
Mugihe ibiciro byiyongereye-kandi ingengo yimari ntishobora gukomeza - muri Mata 2019, ADOT yatangiye gushakisha uburyo bwiza bwo kubika kuruta mubisanduku byabanjirije. Kuri kaburimbo ikiri mumeze neza mumyaka 10 kugeza 15 yubushakashatsi bwubuzima-kandi biragenda birushaho kuba ingirakamaro kugirango ishami rigumane kaburimbo ihari mumiterere-ihitamo harimo gufunga kashe, gufunga spray (gushyiramo akantu gato urwego rwumucyo, Buhoro buhoro asifalt emulioni), cyangwa gusana ibyobo byihariye. Kuri kaburimbo irenze ubuzima bwashizweho, inzira imwe nugusya asfalt yangiritse hanyuma ugashyiraho reberi nshya ya asfalt. Ariko, bitewe nubuso bwakarere bugomba gusanwa, ibi birerekana ko bihenze cyane. Indi mbogamizi ku gisubizo icyo ari cyo cyose gisaba gusya inshuro nyinshi hejuru ya asfalt ni uko ibikoresho byo gusya byanze bikunze bigira ingaruka kandi bikangiza beto iri munsi, kandi gutakaza ibikoresho bifatika ku ngingo birakomeye cyane.
Byagenda bite Arizona asubiye kuri PCC yambere? ADOT izi ko umuhanda wa beto muri leta wagenewe gutanga ubuzima burambye. Ishami ryabonye ko niba bashobora gukoresha PCC iri munsi kugirango bateze imbere amenyo yumwimerere kugirango bakore umuhanda utuje kandi ushobora kugenda, umuhanda wasanwe ushobora kumara igihe kirekire kandi bisaba kubungabungwa. Ntabwo ari munsi ya asfalt.
Mu rwego rwumushinga kuri SR 101 mumajyaruguru ya Phoenix, igice cya AR-ACFC cyavanyweho, ADOT rero yashyizeho ibice bine byikizamini kugirango ishakishe ibisubizo bizaza bizakoresha beto ihari mugihe bizagenda neza, kugenda neza no kugenda neza kumuhanda. Iri shami ryasuzumye urusyo rwa diyama hamwe n’ibisekuru bizakurikiraho (NGCS), imiterere ifite imiterere y’ubutaka bugenzurwa hamwe n’imiterere mibi cyangwa hasi muri rusange, byakozwe nkumuhanda wa beto w’urusaku ruke cyane. ADOT iratekereza kandi gukoresha urusyo runyerera (inzira imashini iyobora imipira hejuru yumuhanda kugirango irusheho guterana amagambo) cyangwa gusya mikoro kugirango irangize ubuso bwa beto. Nyuma yo kugerageza buri buryo, ADOT yemeje ko imiterere ndende yabonetse mu gusya diyama itanga isura nziza ya corduroy kimwe nuburambe bwiza bwo kugenda (nkuko bigaragazwa nagaciro ka IRI) n urusaku ruke. Igikorwa cyo gusya diyama nacyo cyagaragaye ko cyoroheje bihagije kugirango kirinde ahantu hafatika, cyane cyane hafi yingingo, zangiritse mbere yo gusya. Gusya kwa diyama nabyo ni igisubizo cyigiciro.
Muri Gicurasi 2019, ADOT yafashe icyemezo cyo gusya diyama igice gito cya SR 202 giherereye mu majyepfo ya Phoenix. Umuhanda AR-ACFC umaze imyaka 15 wari wuzuye kandi uringaniye kuburyo amabuye yataye yajugunywe ku kirahure, abashoferi binubira ko ikirahuri cyangiritse kubera amabuye aguruka buri munsi. Ikigereranyo cy’ibihombo muri kano karere kiri hejuru ugereranije no mu tundi turere tw’igihugu. Inzira nyabagendwa nayo irasakuza cyane kandi biragoye gutwara. ADOT yahisemo diyama yarangije kurangiza inzira ebyiri zi buryo bwiburyo kuri SR 202 igice cya kilometero z'uburebure. Bakoresheje indobo yipakurura kugirango bakureho AR-ACFC isanzwe nta kwangiza beto hepfo. Ishami ryagerageje neza ubu buryo muri Mata ubwo barimo kungurana ibitekerezo kuburyo bwo gusubira kumuhanda PCC. Umushinga umaze kurangira, uhagarariye ADOT yabonye ko umushoferi yari kuva kumuhanda AR-ACFC yerekeza kumurongo wa beto ya diyama kugirango abone uko agenda neza nibiranga amajwi.
Nubwo imishinga yose yicyitegererezo itarangiye, ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku biciro bwerekana ko kuzigama bifitanye isano no gukoresha kaburimbo ya beto hamwe no gusya diyama kugirango uhindure isura, ubworoherane, nijwi bishobora kugabanya kubungabunga amafaranga agera kuri miliyari 3.9 z'amadolari mu mwaka. Mugihe cyimyaka 30. Randy Everett n'ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Arizona
Muri iki gihe, Ishyirahamwe rya Leta rya Maricopa (MAG) ryasohoye raporo isuzuma urusaku rw’imihanda n’urugendo. Raporo yemera ingorane zo kubungabunga umuhanda kandi yibanda ku biranga urusaku rw'umuhanda. Umwanzuro w'ingenzi ni uko kubera ko urusaku rwa AR-ACFC ruzimira vuba, "hakwiye gutekerezwa kuvura ubutaka bwa diyama aho kuba hejuru ya reberi ya asfalt." Irindi terambere icyarimwe ni amasezerano yo gutanga amasoko yemerera gusya diyama Rwiyemezamirimo yazanywe no kubungabunga no kubaka.
ADOT yizera ko igihe kigeze cyo gutera intambwe ikurikiraho kandi irateganya gutangiza umushinga munini wo gusya diyama kuri SR 202 muri Gashyantare 2020. Uyu mushinga urimo uburebure bwa kilometero enye, ubugari bwa bine, harimo ibice byacuramye. Agace kari kanini cyane kuburyo katakoresha umutwaro kugirango ukureho asfalt, nuko hakoreshwa imashini yo gusya. Ishami rigabanya imirongo muri reberi ya asfalt kugirango rwiyemezamirimo asya akoreshe nk'ubuyobozi mugihe cyo gusya. Mu korohereza uyikoresha kubona ubuso bwa PCC munsi yigitwikirizo, ibikoresho byo gusya birashobora guhinduka kandi ibyangiritse kuri beto munsi birashobora kugabanuka. Ubuso bwa diyama-butaka bwa SR 202 bujuje ibipimo byose bya ADOT-biratuje, biroroshye kandi birashimishije ugereranije na asfalt, agaciro ka IRI kari keza cyane muri 1920 na 1930. Ibi biranga urusaku rushobora kugereranywa birashobora kuboneka kuko nubwo kaburimbo nshya ya AR-ACFC ituje hafi ya 5 dB ituje kuruta ubutaka bwa diyama, mugihe umuhanda wa AR-ACFC ukoreshwa mumyaka 5 kugeza kuri 9, ibisubizo byapimwe biragereranywa cyangwa birenze urwego rwa dB. Ntabwo urwego rwurusaku rwubutaka bushya bwa SR 202 rwa diyama ruri hasi cyane kubashoferi, ariko umuhanda unyuramo kandi urusaku ruke mumiryango ituranye.
Intsinzi yimishinga yabo ya mbere yatumye ADOT itangira indi mishinga itatu yo gusya diyama. Gusya kwa diyama ya Loop 101 Igiciro Freeway yararangiye. Gusya diyama ya Loop 101 Pima Freeway bizakorwa mu ntangiriro za 2021, biteganijwe ko kubaka umuhanda wa Loop 101 I-17 kugeza 75th bizakorwa mu myaka itanu iri imbere. ADOT izakurikirana imikorere yibintu byose kugirango igenzure inkunga yingingo, niba beto yarashonze, hamwe no kubungabunga amajwi no kugenda neza.
Nubwo imishinga yose yicyitegererezo itarangiye, amakuru yakusanyijwe kugeza ubu afite ishingiro yo gutekereza gusya diyama nkuburyo bwo gusya no kuzuza. Ibisubizo byibanze byiperereza ryibiciro byerekana ko kuzigama bijyana no gukoresha pavement ya beto hamwe no gusya diyama kugirango uhindure isura, ubworoherane nijwi bishobora kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga agera kuri miliyari 3.9 z'amadolari mugihe cyimyaka 30.
Ukoresheje kaburimbo isanzwe ihari muri Phoenix, ntabwo ingengo yimishinga yo kubungabunga ishobora kongerwa gusa kandi imihanda myinshi ikaguma imeze neza, ariko igihe kirekire cya beto cyemeza ko ihungabana rijyanye no gufata neza umuhanda rigabanuka. Icy'ingenzi cyane, abaturage bazashobora kwishimira ahantu hatuje kandi hatuje.
Randy Everett ni umuyobozi mukuru w'ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Arizona yo hagati.
IGGA ni ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi ridaharanira inyungu ryashinzwe mu 1972 nitsinda ryinzobere mu nganda zabigenewe, ryahariwe guteza imbere uburyo bwo gusya diyama no gutema ibiti bya sima ya Portland hamwe na asfalt. Mu 1995, IGGA yinjiye mu ishami ry’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika rya beto (ACPA), rishyiraho ubufatanye bw’umunsi wo kurinda umutekano wa IGGA / ACPA (IGGA / ACPA CP3). Uyu munsi, ubwo bufatanye ni umutungo wa tekiniki n’umuyobozi mu nganda mu kwamamaza ku isi hose hejuru ya kaburimbo nziza, gusana kaburimbo no kurinda kaburimbo. Intego ya IGGA ni uguhinduka ikoranabuhanga ryambere nogutezimbere uburyo bwo kwemerwa no gukoresha neza gusya diyama no gusya, ndetse no kubungabunga no gusana PCC.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-08-2021