Osha ategeka abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga, Tag, no kugenzura imbaraga zangiza. Abantu bamwe ntibazi gutera iyi ntambwe, buri mashini iratandukanye. Amashusho
Mubantu bakoresha ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwibikoresho byinganda, gufunga / tagout (loto) ntakintu gishya. Keretse niba imbaraga zaciwe, ntamuntu watinyuka gukora uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kubungabunga cyangwa kugerageza gusana imashini cyangwa sisitemu. Ibi nibisabwa gusa byubwenge hamwe nubuyobozi bwumutekano wumwuga nubuzima (OSHA).
Mbere yo gukora imirimo yo kubungabunga cyangwa gusana, biroroshye guhagarika imashini iva mu mbaraga zayo - mubisanzwe uzimya kumena umuzunguruko - hanyuma ufunge umuryango wumuryango wumuzunguruko. Ongeraho ikirango kigaragaza abatekinisiye bashinzwe kubungabunga kandi nibintu byoroshye.
Niba imbaraga zidashobora gufungwa, gusa ikirango gishobora gukoreshwa. Ibyo ari byo byose, haba hamwe cyangwa udafite ifunga, label yerekana ko kubungabunga biri gukorwa kandi igikoresho ntigikoreshwa.
Ariko, ibi ntabwo ari iherezo rya tombora. Intego rusange ntabwo ari uguhagarika gusa isoko. Intego ni ukurya cyangwa kurekura imbaraga zose zangiza - kugirango ukoreshe amagambo ya OSHA, kugenzura imbaraga zangiza.
Ibisanzwe byerekana akaga bibiri byigihe gito. Inzozi zimaze kuzimya, hazabona icyuma kizakomeza gukoresha amasegonda make, kandi kizahagarara gusa mugihe imbaraga zibitswe muri moteri zirangiye. Icyuma kizakomeza gushyuha muminota mike kugeza ubushyuhe bwakwirakwijwe.
Nkuko bikaba bikaba bikaba ingufu zubushyuhe kandi zubushyuhe, imirimo yimashini zinganda (amashanyarazi, hydraulic, na pnemaumatike) irashobora kubika imbaraga za sisitemu ndende cyangwa pneumatike, cyangwa ubushobozi bwimisoro, cyangwa ubushobozi y'Umuzunguruko, imbaraga zirashobora kubikwa igihe kirekire gitangaje.
Imashini zitandukanye zinganda zigomba kurya imbaraga nyinshi. Icyuma gisanzwe Aisi 1010 kirashobora kwihanganira imbaraga zigera kuri 4,000 za Psi, niko imashini zikabasindiza feri, gukubita, gukubita, gukubita, no gutesha agaciro bigomba gutambuka mu bice bya toni. Niba umuzenguruko ufite imbaraga za pamp ya hydraulic yafunzwe kandi ihagaritswe, igice cya hydraulic cyigice cya sisitemu gishobora kuguha psi 45,000 psi. Ku mashini ikoresha ubumuga cyangwa ibyuma, ibi birahagije kugirango ujanjagurwe cyangwa udukoko.
Ikamyo ifunze yindobo ifite indobo mu kirere ni akaga nkikamyo ihindagurira. Fungura valve itari yo kandi uburemere buzafata. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, sisitemu yo mu mikino irashobora kugumana imbaraga nyinshi iyo zazimye. Umuyoboro uciriritse Bender wonder arashobora gukuramo amashuri 150 ya none. Hafi ya 0.040 amps, umutima urashobora guhagarika gukubitwa.
Kurekura neza cyangwa guhungabanya imbaraga nintambwe yingenzi nyuma yo kuzimya imbaraga na loto. Kurekura umutekano cyangwa gukoresha ingufu zibanga bisaba gusobanukirwa amahame ya sisitemu nibisobanuro birambuye kumashini bigomba kubungabungwa cyangwa gusanwa.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa sisitemu ya hydraulic: fungura loop kandi zifunze. Mubidukikije mu nganda, ubwoko bwibihe bisanzwe ni ibikoresho, vanes, na pistons. Silinder yibikoresho byo kwiruka birashobora kuba ingaragu cyangwa gukora kabiri. Sisitemu ya hydraulic irashobora kugira kimwe muri bitatu byanditse ubwoko-icyerekezo, kugenzura urujya n'uruza, no kugenzura igitutu - buri bwoko - buri bwoko bufite ubwoko bwinshi. Hariho ibintu byinshi byo kwitondera, birakenewe rero gusobanukirwa neza buri bwoko bwo gukuraho ingaruka zijyanye n'ingufu.
Jay Robinson, nyirayo na Perezida wa RSBA mu nganda ya RBASA ati: "Actuator ya hymbuulic irashobora gutwarwa na valve yuzuye." "Ihuriro rya Solenoid rifungura valve. Iyo sisitemu ikora, amazi ya hydraulic atemba ku bikoresho mu gitutu kinini no kuri tank ku gituba gito ". . Ati: "Niba sisitemu itanga psi 2000 hamwe n'imbaraga zazimijwe, solenoid izajya ku mwanya wo hagati kandi ihagarika ibyambu byose. Amavuta ntashobora gutemba kandi imashini irahagarara, ariko sisitemu irashobora kugira psi bagera ku 1.000 kuruhande rwa valve. "
Rimwe na rimwe, abatekinisiye bagerageza gukora gahunda zisanzwe cyangwa gusana biri mu kaga.
Romanson yagize ati: "Ibigo bimwe bifite inzira zisanzwe zanditse." "Benshi muribo bavuze ko umutekinisiye agomba gutandukanya amashanyarazi, akayifunga, akayashyira akamenyetso, hanyuma ukande buto yo gutangira kugirango utangire imashini." Muri iyi leta, imashini ntishobora gukora ikintu - ntabwo ipakira akazi, kunama, gutema, gukurura, gupakurura ibikorwa cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose - kuko kidashobora. Godraulic valve itwarwa na vallet ya solenoid, bisaba amashanyarazi. Kanda buto yo gutangira cyangwa ukoresheje ikibanza cyo kugenzura kugirango ukore ikintu icyo aricyo cyose cya sisitemu ya hydraulic ntabwo izakora valeve idafunze.
Icya kabiri, niba umutekinisiye yumva ko akeneye gufata intoki Valve kugirango akureho umuvuduko wa hydraulic, arashobora kurekura igitutu kuruhande rumwe rwa sisitemu agatekereza ko yarekuye imbaraga zose. Mubyukuri, ibindi bice bya sisitemu birashobora gukomeza imikazo kugeza 1.000 psi. Niba iyi mitutu igaragara kumurongo wibikoresho, abatekinisiye bazatungurwa niba bakomeje gukora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ndetse barashobora no gukomereka.
Amavuta ya hydraulic ntabwo abuza cyane - hafi 0.5% kuri 1.000 pye - ariko muriki gihe, ntacyo bitwaye.
Robinson yagize ati: "Niba umutekinisiye yarekuye imbaraga ku ruhande rwa Actuator, sisitemu irashobora kwimura igikoresho muri stroke yose." "Ukurikije sisitemu, inkoni irashobora kuba inch 1/16 cyangwa metero 16."
Simbaulic Synes ni imbaraga zo kugwiza, bityo sisitemu itanga 1.000 za PSI zishobora guterura imitwaro iremereye, nka pound 3.000. " Muri iki gihe, akaga ntabwo ari impanuka. Ingaruka ni ukurekura igitutu no kugabanya impanuka. Gushakisha uburyo bwo kugabanya umutwaro mbere yo gukemura na sisitemu birashobora kumvikana, ariko oShats Records Erekana ko ubwenge busanzwe butaganza muri ibi bihe. Muri Osha arigeze ku ya 142877.015, "Umukozi arasimburwa ... kunyerera hydrayike hydraulic hose mu buryo bubi no guhagarika umurongo wa hydraulic no kurekura igitutu. Boom yagabanutse vuba akubita umukozi, ajanjagura umutwe, torso n'amaboko. Umukozi aricwa. "
Usibye tanki ya peteroli, pompe, indangagaciro n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho bimwe hydraulic nabyo bifite aho bihurira. Nkuko izina ryerekana, ryerundaga amavuta ya hydraulic. Akazi kayo nuguhindura igitutu cyangwa ingano ya sisitemu.
"AcumUlator igizwe n'ibigize bibiri by'ingenzi: Umufuka w'ikirere uri imbere muri Tank." "Umuyaga mwinshi wuzuye azote. Mugihe cyo gukora bisanzwe, amavuta ya hydraulic yinjira kandi asohoka muri tank nkuko umuvuduko wa sisitemu wiyongera kandi uragabanuka. " Niba amazi yinjira cyangwa ava muri tank, cyangwa niba yimuye, biterwa nitandukaniro ryimiturire hagati ya sisitemu nindege ya airbag.
Ibyumweru bibiri, ni ukusanya amashanyarazi. Ati: "Guhungabanya guhungabanya igitutu, mu gihe ingano compumulator irinda gahunda yo guta igihe ibisabwa bikabije birenga ubushobozi bwa pompe."
Kugirango ukore kuri sisitemu nkiyi nta gukomeretsa, umutekinisiye wo kubungabunga agomba kumenya ko sisitemu ifite aho ihurira nuburyo bwo kurekura igitutu cyayo.
Kubintu bifatika, abatekinisiye bo kubungabunga bagomba kwitonda cyane. Kuberako igikapu cyo mu kirere cyashizwe kumuvuduko uruta gahunda ya sisitemu, gutsindwa valve bivuze ko bishobora kongeramo igitutu. Mubyongeyeho, mubisanzwe ntabwo bafite agaciro ka drain.
"Nta gisubizo cyiza kuri iki kibazo, kubera ko sisitemu 99% ntabwo itanga uburyo bwo kugenzura igifuniko cya Valve," ibyumweru byavuzwe. Ariko, gahunda yo kubungabunga ifata ibyemezo irashobora gutanga ingamba zo gukumira. Ati: "Urashobora kongeraho valve yo kugurisha nyuma yo kurangiza amazi aho umuvuduko ukabije ushobora kubyara."
Umutekinisiye wa serivisi ubonye amafaranga make airbags irashobora gushaka kongerera umwuka, ariko ibi birabujijwe. Ikibazo nuko iyi mbuga zindege zifite indangagaciro zabanyamerika, zimeze nkizikoreshwa kumapine yimodoka.
Wicks yagize ati: "Ubusanzwe abashinja kuburira kwirinda kongeramo umwuka, ariko nyuma yimyaka myinshi bakora, ubusanzwe icibwa kera."
Ikindi kibazo ni ugukoresha indangagaciro, ibyumweru byavuzwe. Kumyanya myinshi, kuzunguruka isaha yongera igitutu; kuringaniza imfuruka, ibintu biratandukanye.
Hanyuma, ibikoresho bigendanwa bigomba kuba maso yinyongera. Kubera inzitizi zo mu kirere n'inzitizi, abashushanya bagomba guhanga mu buryo bwo gutegura sisitemu n'aho gushyira ibice. Ibice bimwe birashobora guhishwa bitagaragara kandi bitagerwaho, bituma gusanura bisanzwe no gusana bigoye kuruta ibikoresho bihamye.
Sisitemu ya pnematike ifite ibyago hafi ya sisitemu ya hydraulic. Itandukaniro ryingenzi nuko sisitemu ya hydraulic ishobora kubyara ukubirimo, itanga indege ifite igitutu gihagije kuri santimetero kare kugirango winjire imyenda nuruhu. Mubidukikije mu nganda, "imyambarire" ikubiyemo inkweto zakazi. Amavuta ya hydraulic yinjira gukomeretsa bisaba kwivuza kandi mubisanzwe bisaba ibitaro.
Sisitemu ya pneumatike nayo irangwa nabi. Abantu benshi batekereza, "Nibyo, ni umwuka gusa" kandi ugikemura uburangare.
Ati: "Abantu bumva ibishushanyo bya sisitemu yo mu mitekerereze, ariko ntibabona imbaraga zose pompe yinjira muri sisitemu," ibyumweru byavuzwe. Ati: "Ingufu zose zigomba gutemba ahantu runaka, kandi sisitemu yubumenyi ya fluid ni imbaraga zo kugwiza. Kuri 50 psi, silinderi ifite ubuso bwa santimetero 10 irashobora kubyara imbaraga zihagije zo kwimura ibiro 500. Umutwaro. " Nkuko twese tubizi, abakozi bakoresha iyi sisitemu ihindagurika imyanda mu myenda.
"Mu bigo byinshi, iyi niyo mpamvu yo guhagarika igihe ako kanya." Yavuze ko indege y'umwuka yirukanwe muri sisitemu yo mu mikino irashobora gusohora uruhu n'izindi ngingo kumagufwa.
Ati: "Niba hari kumeneka muri gahunda ya pneumatique, haba ku ngingo cyangwa binyuze muri Pinhole muri Olese, nta muntu uzaburana". Ati: "Imashini iranguruye cyane, abakozi bafite uburinzi bwo kumva, kandi nta muntu wumva." Gutora gusa hose birashobora guteza akaga. Utitaye kubimenya niba sisitemu ikora cyangwa idakoreshwa, gants y'uruhu irasabwa gukoresha amakoro ya pneumatike.
Ikindi kibazo nuko umwuka ugenda ugenda cyane, niba ufunguye valve sisitemu nzima, sisitemu ya pneumatike irashobora kubika imbaraga zihagije zo gukora mugihe kirekire hanyuma utangire igikoresho inshuro nyinshi.
Nubwo hari amashanyarazi - kugenda kwa electron mugihe bimukiye muyobora - bisa nkaho ari isi itandukanye kuva fiziki, ntabwo. Amategeko ya mbere ya Newton arakurikizwa: "Ikintu gihagaze gihagaze, kandi ikintu kigenda gikomeza kugenda ku muvuduko umwe no mu cyerekezo kimwe, keretse gikorewe imbaraga zitaringaniye."
Ku ngingo ya mbere, buri muzunguruko, nubwo biro ko byoroshye, bizananira urujya n'uruza rw'ubu. Kurwanya bibangamira gutembera kwubu, rero iyo umuzenguruko ufunze (static), imyigaragambyo ikomeza umuzenguruko muri leta ihamye. Iyo umuzenguruko wafunguye, ubu ntabwo utemba mukarere ako kanya; Bisaba byibuze igihe gito kugirango voltage kugirango utsinde iby'ibitero hamwe nuburinganire.
Kubwimpamvu imwe, buri muzunguruko ufite ubushobozi bwo kubona ubushobozi, bisa nigihe cyikintu cyimuka. Gufunga switch ntibihita uhagarika ikigezweho; ubu ikomeza kugenda, byibuze muri make.
Umuzunguruko umwe ukoresha ubushobozi bwo kubika amashanyarazi; Iki gikorwa kirasa nubwa hydrauluulator ya hydraulic. Dukurikije agaciro katoranijwe k'ubushobozi, birashobora kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi igihe kirekire - ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Kuzenguruka gukoreshwa muri mashini zinganda, igihe cyo gusohora cyiminota 20 ntibishoboka, kandi bamwe barashobora gusaba igihe kinini.
Kuri Umuyoboro, Robinson yagereranije ko igihe cyiminota 15 gishobora kuba gihagije kubingufu zabitswe muri sisitemu kugirango bakwirakwize. Noneho kora cheque yoroshye hamwe na voltmeter.
Robinson yagize ati: "Hariho ibintu bibiri byerekeranye no guhuza Volmeteri." Ati: "Icya mbere, bituma umutekinisiye azi niba Sisitemu ifite imbaraga. Icya kabiri, irema inzira isenyuka. Ibiriho kuva mu gice kimwe cyumuzunguruko unyuze muri metero kurindi, kura ingufu zose ziracyabitswe muri yo. "
Mu rubanza rwiza, abatekinisiye bahuguwe byuzuye, bafite uburambe, kandi bafite uburyo bwose bwimashini. Afite gufunga, tagi, no gusobanukirwa neza umurimo. Byaba byiza, akorana n'indorerezi z'umutekano gutanga amasoko y'inyongera yo kureba ibyago no gutanga ubufasha bwo mu buvuzi mugihe ibibazo bikiriho.
Ibintu bibi cyane cyane nuko abatekinisiye badafite imyitozo kandi uburambe, bakora muri sosiyete yo hanze, niyo ntamenyereye ibikoresho byihariye, bityo bifunga ibiro muri wikendi, kandi imfashanyigisho ntizigeze ziboneka. Nibintu byiza byumuyaga, kandi buri sosiyete hamwe nibikoresho byinganda bigomba gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango ubibuze.
Ibigo biteza imbere, kubyara, no kugurisha ibikoresho byumutekano ubusanzwe bifite ubumenyi bwimbitse bwinganda, ubuhanga bwumutekano bwibikoresho burashobora gufasha gukora akazi ko kuvomera umutekano no gusana.
Eric lundin yinjiye mu ishami rya editori ry'ikinyamakuru gitugu & umuyoboro mu 2000 nk'umuvuko rusange. Inshingano ze nyamukuru zirimo guhindura ingingo za tekiniki ku musaruro wa Tube no gukora, ndetse no kwandika ubushakashatsi hamwe numwirondoro. Yatejwe imbere ku Muhinduzi mu 2007.
Mbere yo kwinjira muri iki kinyamakuru, yakoraga mu kirere cya Amerika imyaka 5 (1985-1990), kandi akora umuyoboro, umuyoboro w'insanganyamatsiko, ubanza uhagarariye serivisi y'abakiriya nyuma akaba n'umwanditsi wa tekinike ( 1994 -2000).
Yize mu majyaruguru ya kaminuza ya Illinois muri Dekalb, muri Illinois, maze abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bukungu mu 1994.
Tube & Umuyoboro wabaye ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyeguriwe gukorera inganda z'ibyuma mu 1990. Uyu munsi, nicyo gihamya cyonyine cyeguriwe inganda muri Amerika ya Ruguru kandi yabaye isoko yizewe cyane ku bahanga mu by'incuti z'abafatanyabikorwa.
Noneho urashobora kubona neza verisiyo ya Digital ya Eabricator kandi byoroshye kubona ibikoresho byingirakamaro.
Ibikoresho byingirakamaro birashobora kuboneka byoroshye binyuze muburyo bwuzuye kuri Digital Version yikinyamakuru tube & pie.
Ishimire uburyo bwuzuye kuri digitali ya digitale yikinyamakuru kashe, gitanga iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rigezweho, imikorere myiza ninganda amakuru yisoko ryicyuma.
Kohereza Igihe: Kanama-30-2021