ibikoresho byo gusya hasi

Sobanura ACI nshyashya isize beto irangiza ibisobanuro. Ariko ubanza, kuki dukeneye ibisobanuro?
Ibyapa bisize neza biragenda birushaho gukundwa, bityo abashoramari bagomba kugira uburyo bwo kubibyaza umusaruro ubuziranenge buhoraho. Dukurikije imibare yavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Grand View, igorofa ya beto yatunganijwe neza yatangiye mu myaka ya za 90, ariko mu mwaka wa 2019, ku bijyanye n’amafaranga yinjira, hasi ya beto isennye yari hafi 53.5% by’umugabane wa Amerika muri beto. Uyu munsi, ibisate bisize neza urashobora kubisanga mububiko bw'ibiribwa, mu biro, mu maduka acururizwamo, mu dusanduku nini, no mu ngo. Ibiranga bitangwa hasi ya beto isennye itera kwiyongera kwimikoreshereze, nko kuramba cyane, kuramba, kubungabunga byoroshye, gukora neza, gukoresha urumuri rwinshi hamwe nuburanga. Nkuko byari byitezwe, urwego ruteganijwe kwiyongera mumyaka mike iri imbere.
Ibipimo by'uburabyo (kwigaragaza) by'ibisate bisize neza byerekana ubunini buringaniye. Ibyapa bisize neza hano byerekana itara ryo hejuru ryisoko ryabahinzi bimera. Ifoto tuyikesha Patrick Harrison yujuje ibi bikenewe, kandi ubu iboneka rya polotike ya beto irangije kuboneka (ACI 310.1) igena ibipimo ntarengwa byujujwe ibisate bya beto bigomba kuba byujuje. Kubera ko hari inzira yo gusobanura uburyo n'ibisubizo byateganijwe, biroroshye guhuza ibyubatswe / injeniyeri. Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bwibanze nko gusukura ibisate hasi birashobora gusobanura uburyo butandukanye kububatsi / injeniyeri naba rwiyemezamirimo. Ukoresheje ibisobanuro bishya bya ACI 310.1, ubwumvikane burashobora kumvikana kandi rwiyemezamirimo arashobora noneho kwerekana ko ibikubiye mumasezerano byujujwe. Ubu impande zombi zifite umurongo ngenderwaho mubikorwa bisanzwe byinganda. Kimwe nibipimo byose bya ACI, ibisobanuro bizasubirwamo kandi bivugururwe nkuko bikenewe mumyaka mike iri imbere kugirango bigaragaze ibisabwa ninganda.
Ibisobanuro muburyo bushya bwa ACI 310.1 biroroshye kubibona kuko bikurikiza imiterere isanzwe igizwe nibice bitatu, aribyo Rusange, Ibicuruzwa, na Execution. Hano haribisabwa birambuye kubizamini no kugenzura, kugenzura ubuziranenge, kwizeza ubuziranenge, gusuzuma, kwemerwa no kurinda icyapa gisize neza. Mugice cyo kubishyira mubikorwa, birimo kurangiza kurangiza ibisabwa, gusiga amabara, gusya no gusya, no kubungabunga.
Ibisobanuro bishya byemera ko buri mushinga ufite impinduka nyinshi zigomba kugenwa. Umwubatsi / injeniyeri akeneye gusobanura neza ibisabwa byumushinga, nkibisanzwe muri rusange nibiteganijwe neza. Harimo urutonde rwibisabwa byateganijwe hamwe nibisabwa kurutonde urutonde ruyobora abubatsi / injeniyeri guhitamo ibisobanuro ukurikije ibyifuzo byumushinga kugiti cye, niba ari ugusobanura indorerwamo yindorerwamo ya plaque isize neza, kongeramo ibara cyangwa bisaba ikindi kizamini.
Ibisobanuro bishya bisaba gusaba ibipimo byuburanga no gusobanura uburyo amakuru agomba gukusanywa. Ibi birimo umwihariko w'ishusho (DOI), ikubiyemo ubukana n'ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'igisate bikurikiranye n'intambwe zo gusya, bityo hakaba hari uburyo bwo gupima ubuziranenge bwabwo. Gloss (kwigaragaza) ni igipimo cyerekana uburyo ubuso bumeze. Ibipimo bitanga ibisobanuro bifatika byuburanga bwiza. Haze nayo isobanurwa murinyandiko, ubusanzwe yerekana ko ibicuruzwa byigice birimo gukora ubwiza.
Kugeza ubu, ibizamini ku bisate bisize neza ntabwo bihuye. Ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi ntibakusanyije ibyasomwe bihagije kandi bakeka ko bageze ku ntera igaragara yimikorere mubijyanye nuburanga. Abashoramari mubisanzwe bapima agace gato k'icyitegererezo hanyuma bakibwira ko bakoresha ibikoresho nubuhanga bumwe kugirango babyare ibisubizo bya polishinge batabanje kugerageza ikibaho cyanyuma. Ibisobanuro bishya bya ACI 310.1 biratanga urwego rwo kwipimisha umunsi wose nuburyo bwo gutanga ibisubizo. Igeragezwa rihoraho ryakazi ritanga kandi abashoramari amateka yapimye ibisubizo bishobora gukoreshwa mumasoko azaza.
Icyapa gishya gisize icyapa kirangiza (ACI 310.1) gitanga byibuze igipimo gikurikizwa kuri plaque ya beto isize. Cabela ni kimwe mubigo bicuruza bizwiho gukoresha ibisate bisize neza. Tuyikesha Patrick Harrison. Ibisobanuro bishya bya ACI 310.1 binagena ibizamini bigomba gukorwa hamwe na buri kizamini.
Inyandiko nshya iboneka yerekana igihe cyo gukora ubwoko butandukanye bwibizamini. Kurugero, byibura ibyumweru bibiri mbere yuko nyirayo abifite, ikizamini kigomba kuba kirimo gloss idasanzwe ukurikije ASTM D523, amashusho asobanutse (DOI) ukurikije ASTM 5767, hamwe numwijima ukurikije ASTM D4039. Ibisobanuro bishya bya ACI 310.1 birerekana kandi aho bizabera kuri buri bwoko bwikizamini, ariko uwashizeho inyandiko akeneye kumenya byibuze ibisabwa kuri DOI, gloss na haze. Mugutanga icyerekezo cyibizamini bizakorwa nigihe, inyandiko itanga igishushanyo mbonera kugirango icyapa cyujuje ibisabwa bivugwa mumasezerano.
Kugerageza no gutanga raporo itumanaho ni ngombwa kugirango impande zose - ba nyirubwite, abubatsi / abubatsi, naba rwiyemezamirimo - bamenye ko icyapa cyujuje ubuziranenge bwumvikanyweho. Nibintu byunguka-gutsindira: kwemeza ko nyirubwite atanga ibicuruzwa byiza, kandi rwiyemezamirimo afite imibare yapimwe kugirango yerekane intsinzi.
ACI 310.1 ubu iraboneka kurubuga rwa ACI, kandi yateguwe hifashishijwe imbaraga zihuriweho na ACI nishyirahamwe ryabanyamerika ryabashoramari ba beto (ASCC). Gufasha abashoramari kubahiriza ibipimo ntarengwa byavuzwe, ASCC kuri ubu irimo gutegura umurongo ngenderwaho kubashoramari bagaragaza ibipimo biri muri iyi code. Ukurikije imiterere yuburyo bushya bwa ACI 310.1, ubuyobozi buzatanga ibisobanuro nibisobanuro mubice byose aho rwiyemezamirimo ashobora gusaba ubundi buyobozi. Biteganijwe ko ubuyobozi bwa ACCC 310.1 bwa ASCC buzasohoka hagati ya 2021.
Icyapa cya mbere gisennye neza cyasobanuwe muri American beto Institute (ACI) ubu kiraboneka kurubuga rwa ACI. Icyapa gishya gisize neza kirangiza (ACI 310.1) cyateguwe na komite ihuriweho na ACI-ASCC 310 nigisobanuro cyerekeranye no gutanga ibipimo ntarengwa abubatsi cyangwa abashakashatsi bashobora gukoresha ku cyapa icyo aricyo cyose gisennye. Ibisobanuro bya ACI 310.1 bireba ibyapa byo hasi hamwe nibisate byahagaritswe. Iyo bivuzwe mubyangombwa byamasezerano, bitanga urwego rwuzuye rwumvikanyweho hagati ya rwiyemezamirimo nubwubatsi cyangwa injeniyeri.
Abubatsi / injeniyeri barashobora noneho kwerekeza kubisobanuro bishya bya ACI 310.1 mubyangombwa byamasezerano kandi bakerekana ko hasi ya beto isennye igomba kubahiriza ibisobanuro, cyangwa barashobora kwerekana ibisabwa bikomeye. Niyo mpamvu iyi nyandiko yitwa reference reference kuko itanga intangiriro yo gutangiriraho ibyapa bisize. Iyo byavuzwe, ibi bisobanuro bishya bifatwa nkigice cyinyandiko zamasezerano hagati ya nyirubwite na rwiyemezamirimo, kandi ni ngombwa kuri buri rwiyemezamirimo wohanagura gusoma ibisobanuro akoresheje kugirango abisobanukirwe.